A cikin yanayi mai rikitarwa na magungunan zamani, gwajin jini mai sauƙi yakan riƙe mabuɗin shiga tsakani da wuri da ceton rayuka. Daga cikin waɗannan, gwajin Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ya fito fili a matsayin kayan aiki mai fasali da yawa wanda mahimmancinsa ya taso daga sa ido kan ci gaban tayin zuwa yaƙi da ciwon daji a cikin manya.

Shekaru da yawa, gwajin na AFP ya kasance ginshiƙan duban haihuwa. A matsayin furotin da hanta tayi, matakan AFP a cikin jinin mace mai ciki da ruwan amniotic suna ba da muhimmiyar taga a cikin mahaifa. Lokacin da aka haɗa shi cikin babban kwamitin dubawa, gwajin AFP, wanda aka saba yi tsakanin makonni 15 zuwa 20 na ciki, hanya ce mai ƙarfi, mara cin zarafi don tantance haɗarin lahani mai tsanani. Matakan da ba su sabawa al'ada ba na iya sigina ƙarin haɗarin lahani na bututun jijiyoyi, kamar spina bifida ko anencephaly, inda kwakwalwa ko kashin baya ba sa haɓaka yadda ya kamata. Sabanin haka, ƙananan matakan na iya nuna haɗari mai girma ga rashin daidaituwa na chromosomal, ciki har da Down syndrome. Wannan tsarin faɗakarwa na farko yana ba masu ba da lafiya damar ba wa iyaye ƙarin gwaje-gwajen bincike, ba da shawara, da damar shirya don kulawa ta musamman, yana mai da shi wani yanki mai mahimmanci na kulawar haihuwa.

Koyaya, mahimmancin gwajin AFP ya wuce ɗakin haihuwa. A cikin juzu'i mai ban sha'awa, wannan furotin na tayin ya sake fitowa a matsayin mai ƙididdigewa mai ƙarfi a cikin jikin balagagge, inda kasancewar sa alama ce ta ja. Ga masu ilimin gastroenterologists da kuma masu ilimin oncologists, gwajin AFP wani makami ne na gaba a cikin yaƙi da ciwon hanta, musamman Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).

A cikin mutanen da ke da cututtukan hanta na yau da kullun kamar cirrhosis ko hepatitis B da C, saka idanu akai-akai na matakan AFP na iya zama ceton rai. Haɓaka matakin AFP a cikin wannan yawan jama'a masu haɗari yakan zama alama ce ta farkon ci gaban ƙari, yana haifar da nazarin hoto akan lokaci kamar duban dan tayi ko CT scans don tabbatarwa. Wannan yana ba da damar shiga tsakani a baya, matakin cutar da za a iya magance shi, yana haɓaka rashin daidaituwar rayuwa. Bugu da ƙari, gwajin ba kawai don ganewar asali ba ne. Ga majinyatan da aka riga aka yi wa jiyya don HCC, ana amfani da ma'aunin AFP na serial don lura da ingancin jiyya da kuma duba sake dawowar ciwon daji.

Har ila yau, amfanin gwajin ya ƙara zuwa bincike da sarrafa ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar waɗanda aka samu a cikin kwai ko gwano. Matsayin da aka ɗaukaka na AFP a cikin mutumin da ke da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, alal misali, yana nuna ƙarfi sosai zuwa takamaiman nau'in ciwon daji, yana jagorantar shawarwarin jiyya daga farko.

Duk da karfin da yake da shi, kwararrun likitocin sun jaddada cewa gwajin na AFP ba kayan aikin bincike ne kadai ba. Dole ne a fassara sakamakonsa a cikin mahallin - la'akari da shekarun majiyyaci, matsayin lafiyarsa, da kuma tare da wasu gwaje-gwaje. Ƙarya tabbatacce da korau na iya faruwa. Duk da haka, ba za a iya musun kimarsa ba.

A ƙarshe, gwajin AFP ya ƙunshi ka'idar rigakafin rigakafi da magani. Daga kiyaye lafiyar tsararraki masu zuwa zuwa bayar da gargaɗin wuri mai mahimmanci game da cututtukan daji masu ƙarfi, wannan gwajin jini iri-iri ya kasance ginshiƙi na maganin ganowa. Ci gaba da yin amfani da shi a cikin aikin asibiti shaida ce ga dawwamammiyar mahimmancinsa wajen karewa da kiyaye lafiyar ɗan adam.