Nā maʻi lele i lawe ʻia e ka namu: nā hoʻoweliweli a me ka pale ʻana

ʻO nā makika kekahi o nā holoholona weliweli loa o ka honua. Hoʻoili kā lākou nahu i nā maʻi make he nui, e hopena ana i nā haneli haneli o ka make ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Wahi a nā helu helu, hoʻopilikia nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e nā makika (e like me ka malaria a me ka dengue fever) i nā haneli miliona o ka poʻe, e hoʻoweliweli nui ana i ke olakino lehulehu. E hoʻolauna kēia ʻatikala i nā maʻi lele nui i lawe ʻia e nā makika, kā lākou mau ʻano hoʻoili, a me nā hana pale a me ka kaohi.

I. Pehea e hoʻolaha ai nā makika i nā maʻi?

Hoʻoili nā makika i nā pathogens (nā virus, nā parasites, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) mai ka poʻe a i ʻole nā ​​holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi i ka poʻe olakino ma omo ʻana i ke koko. ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻoili:

1. Ka nahu ʻana o kahi kanaka i loaʻa i ka maʻiHanu ka makika i ke koko i loaʻa ka pathogen.
2. Ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā pathogens i loko o ka makikaHoʻomohala ka maʻi a i ʻole ka parasite i loko o ka makika (e like me, hoʻopau ʻo Plasmodium i kona pōʻaiapuni ola i loko o ka makika Anopheles).
3. Hoʻoili i kahi kikowaena houKe nahu hou ka makika, komo ka pathogen i loko o ke kino ma o ka lawai.

Hoʻoili nā ʻano makika like ʻole i nā maʻi like ʻole, e like me:

• ʻAedes aegypti– Dengue, Chikv, Zika, Yellow Fever
• Nā makika Anopheles– Malaria
• Nā makika Culex– Ka maʻi West Nile, ka Encephalitis Kepanī

II. Nā maʻi lele nui i lawe ʻia e ka makika

(1) Nā maʻi viral

1. Ka maʻi Dengue
   • Mea hoʻomakeʻO ka maʻi Dengue (4 serotypes)
   • Nā hōʻailonaKuni nui, ʻeha poʻo nui, ʻeha ʻiʻo; hiki ke holomua i ke kahe koko a i ʻole ka haʻalulu.
   • Nā wahi laha ʻoleNā wahi wela a me nā wahi subtropical (ʻĀsia Hema Hikina, ʻAmelika Latina).
2. Ka maʻi Zika
   • PōpilikiaʻO ka maʻi i nā wahine hāpai hiki ke hana i ka microcephaly i nā pēpē; pili i nā maʻi neurological.

3. Ka maʻi kuni Chikungunya

• KumuʻO ka maʻi Chikungunya (CHIKV)
• Nā ʻano makika nuiʻAedes aegypti, ʻAedes albopictus
• Nā hōʻailonaKe kuni nui, ʻeha nui o nā hono (hiki ke mau no kekahi mau mahina).

4.Kuni Melemele

• Nā hōʻailonaKuni, jaundice, kahe koko; kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka make (loaʻa ka lāʻau pale).

5.ʻO ka Encephalitis Kepanī

• Vector:ʻO Culex tritaeniorhynchus
• Nā hōʻailonaʻEncephalitis, nui ka make (mea maʻamau ma nā kuaʻāina ʻo ʻAsia).

(2) Nā maʻi parasitic

1. Malaria
   • Mea hoʻomakeʻO ka parasite malaria (ʻo Plasmodium falciparum ka mea make loa)
   • Nā hōʻailonaʻO ke anu i kēlā me kēia manawa, ke kuni nui, a me ka anemia. Ma kahi o 600,000 mau make i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
2. ʻO ka Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis)
   
   • Mea hoʻomakeNā ilo filarial (ʻO Wuchereria bancrofti,ʻO Brugia Malayi)
   • Nā hōʻailonaʻO ka hōʻino ʻana o ka lymphatic, e alakaʻi ana i ka pehu ʻana o nā lālā a i ʻole nā ​​​​genital.

III. Pehea e pale aku ai i nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e nā makika?

1. Palekana pilikino
   • E hoʻohana i ka mea pale namu (aia ka DEET a i ʻole picaridin).
   • E ʻaʻahu i nā lole lima lōʻihi a hoʻohana i nā ʻupena makika (ʻoi aku hoʻi nā mea i mālama ʻia me ka insecticide antimalarial).
   • E pale i ka hele ʻana i waho i ka wā makika (ahiahi a me ka wanaʻao).
2. Ka Mana Hoʻomalu Kaiapuni
   • E wehe i ka wai kū (e like me, i loko o nā ipu pua a me nā kaila) e pale aku i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā makika.
   • E pīpī i nā mea pepehi pepeke i kou kaiāulu a hoʻohana paha i ka mea hoʻomalu olaola (e like me ka hānai ʻana i nā iʻa makika).
3. Ka lāʻau pale ʻana
   • He mau mea pale maikaʻi ka lāʻau pale no ke kuni melemele a me ka encephalitis Kepanī.
   • Loaʻa ka lāʻau pale kuni dengue (Dengvaxia) ma kekahi mau ʻāina, akā ua kaupalena ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana.

IV. Nā Pilikia Honua i ka Kaohi ʻana i nā Maʻi

• Hoʻololi i ke aniauKe laha nei nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka makika i nā wahi mahana (e like me ka dengue ma ʻEulopa).
• Ke kū'ē ʻana i nā pepekeKe hoʻomohala nei nā makika i ke kūpaʻa i nā lāʻau pepehi pepeke maʻamau.
• Nā palena o ka lāʻau paleHe hapa ka hopena o ka lāʻau pale malaria (RTS,S); pono nā hoʻonā maikaʻi aʻe.

Hopena

ʻO nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e nā makika he mea hoʻoweliweli nui ia no ke olakino honua, ʻoiai hoʻi ma nā wahi wela. ʻO ka pale pono ʻana—ma o ka kaohi ʻana i nā makika, ka lāʻau pale, a me nā hana olakino lehulehu—hiki ke hōʻemi nui i nā maʻi. ʻO ka laulima honua, ka hana hou ʻenehana, a me ka ʻike o ka lehulehu nā mea nui i ke kaua ʻana i kēia mau maʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Lapaʻau ʻo Baysenke nānā mau nei i ke ʻano hana diagnostic e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ke ola. Ua hoʻomohala mākou i 5 mau kahua ʻenehana- Latex, colloidal gold, Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, Molecular, Chemiluminescence Immunoassay. Loaʻa iā mākouHoʻāʻo wikiwiki ʻo Den-NS1, Hoʻāʻo wikiwiki ʻo Den-IgG/IgM, Hoʻāʻo wikiwiki ʻo Dengue IgG/IgM-NS1 Combo, Hoʻāʻo wikiwiki ʻo Mal-PF, Hoʻāʻo wikiwiki ʻo Mal-PF/PV, Hoʻāʻo wikiwiki ʻo Mal-PF/PAN no ka nānā mua ʻana i kēia mau maʻi lele.