ʻO nā maʻi lele i lawe ʻia e ka makika: hoʻoweliweli a pale aku

ʻO ka makika kekahi o nā holoholona weliweli loa o ka honua. ʻO kā lākou nahu e hoʻoili i nā maʻi make he nui, e hopena ana i nā haneli haneli o ka make ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻo nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka makika (e like me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi a me ka maʻi dengue) e hoʻopili i nā haneli miliona o nā kānaka, e hoʻoweliweli ana i ke olakino lehulehu. E hōʻike ana kēia ʻatikala i nā maʻi lele nui i lawe ʻia e ka makika, kā lākou hana hoʻouna, a me nā hana pale a hoʻomalu.

I. Pehea la ka namu i na mai?

Hoʻouna ka makika i nā pathogens (viruses, parasites, etc.) mai ka poʻe maʻi a i ʻole nā holoholona i ka poʻe olakino ma ka omo koko. Aia i loko o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoili:

1. Nahu o ke kanaka ma'i: Hoʻonu ka makika i ke koko i loaʻa ka pathogen.
2. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā pathogens i loko o ka makika: Ke ulu nei ka ma'i ma'i a i'ole ka ma'i ma'i i loko o ka makika (e la'a, ho'opau ka Plasmodium i kona pō'ai ola i loko o ka makika Anopheles).
3. Ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi hoʻokipa hou: Ke nahu hou ka makika, komo ka pathogen i ke kino ma o ke kohu.

Hoʻouna nā ʻano makika like ʻole i nā maʻi like ʻole, e like me:

• Aedes aegypti– Dengue, Chikv, Zika, Yellow Fever
• Namu anopheles– Malaria
• Namu Culex– ʻO ka Virus Nile Komohana, Japanese Encephalitis

II. ʻO nā maʻi lele nui i lawe ʻia e ka makika

(1) Nā maʻi maʻi maʻi

1. Ka Ma'i Dengue
   • Patogen: Maʻi maʻi Dengue (4 serotypes)
   • Nā hōʻailona: Ke kuni kiʻekiʻe, ke poʻo nui, ka ʻeha ʻiʻo; hiki ke hele i ka hemorrhage a i ʻole ka haʻalulu.
   • Nā ʻāina endemic: ʻO nā wahi wela a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi (Southeast Asia, Latin America).
2. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Zika
   • Pilikia: Hiki i ka ma'i ma'i i na wahine hapai ke hana i ka microcephaly i na pepe; pili i nā pilikia neurological.

3. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Chikungunya

• Ke kumu: ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Chikungunya (CHIKV)
• ʻAno namu nui: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus
• Nā hōʻailona: ʻO ke kuni kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻeha hui nui (e mau ana no kekahi mau mahina).

4.Ma'i Melemele

• Nā hōʻailona: Ke kuni, ka ihu, ke koko; kiʻekiʻe o ka make nui (loaʻa ke kano).

5.ʻO ka Encephalitis Iapana

• Vector:Culex tritaeniorhynchus
• Nā hōʻailona: Encephalitis, ka nui o ka make (ma'a ma ke kuaaina o Asia).

(2) Nā maʻi ʻino

1. Malaria
   • Patogen: Malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum ka mea make loa)
   • Nā hōʻailona: ʻO ke anuanu, ke kuni kiʻekiʻe, a me ka anemia. Ma kahi o 600,000 make i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
2. Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis)
   
   • Patogen: Ilo filarial (ʻO Wuchereria bancrofti,Brugia malayi)
   • Nā hōʻailona: ʻO ka pōʻino lymphatic, e alakaʻi ana i ka pehu ʻana o ka lālā a i ʻole ke kino.

III. Pehea e pale aku ai i na mai namu?

1. Palekana Pilikino
   • E hoʻohana i ka namu (loaʻa DEET a i ʻole picaridin).
   • E ʻaʻahu i nā lole lima lōʻihi a e hoʻohana i nā ʻupena makika (ʻoi aku ka poʻe i mālama ʻia me ka lāʻau lāʻau lāʻau antimalarial).
   • Hōʻalo i ka hele ʻana i waho i ka wā makika (ke ahiahi a me ka wanaʻao).
2. Mana Kaiapuni
   • Wehe i ka wai kū (e laʻa, i loko o nā ipu pua a me nā kaʻa) i mea e pale ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka makika.
   • E kāpīpī i nā lāʻau inika i kou kaiāulu a i ʻole e hoʻohana i ka hoʻomalu olaola (e laʻa, hānai iʻa namu).
3. Hoʻopaʻa kino
   • ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi maʻi melemele a me ka Japanese encephalitis he mea pale maikaʻi.
   • Loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau Dengue fever (Dengvaxia) ma kekahi mau ʻāina, akā ua kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana.

IV. Nā Luʻi honua i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi

• Hoʻololi ea: Ke laha nei nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka makika i nā ʻāina mahana (e laʻa, dengue ma ʻEulopa).
• Ke kū'ē i ka lāʻau lāʻau: Ke ulu nei ka makika i ke kū'ē i nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau.
• Nā palena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau: He hapa ka mana o ka ma'i malaria (RTS,S); pono nā haʻina maikaʻi.

Ka hopena

ʻO nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka namu he mea hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ke olakino honua, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā wahi wela. ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka namu, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a me nā hana olakino lehulehu-hiki ke hōʻemi nui i nā maʻi. ʻO ka launa pū ʻana o ka honua, ka ʻenehana ʻenehana, a me ka ʻike lehulehu ke kī i ka hakakā ʻana i kēia mau maʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Lapaau Baysenke nānā mau nei i ka ʻenehana diagnostic e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke ola. Ua hoʻomohala mākou i 5 mau ʻenehana ʻenehana- Latex, colloidal gula, Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, Molecular, Chemiluminescence Immunoassay.We haveʻO Den-NS1 hoʻāʻo wikiwiki, Ho'āʻo wikiwiki Den-IgG/IgM, ʻO Dengue IgG/IgM-NS1 Combo hoʻāʻo wikiwiki, Mal-PF Hoao wikiwiki, Mal-PF/PV Hoao wikiwiki, Mal-PF/PAN Ho'āʻo wikiwiki no ka nānā mua ʻana i kēia mau maʻi lele .