LONDON | GENEVA – Pamene chiwerengero cha matenda a shuga ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi padziko lonse chikupitirira kukwera, akatswiri a matenda a nephropathy akuchulukirachulukira akugwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwira kuwonongeka kwa impso yotchedwa Urinary Albumin (ALB) kuti adziwe kuwonongeka kwa impso zaka zambiri mayeso achikhalidwe asanalephere. Akatswiri azachipatala tsopano akupempha kuti mayeso a ALB agwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'malo osamalira odwala kuti achepetse mliri wa Matenda a Impso Osatha (CKD).

Albumin ya mkodzo imatanthauza kukhalapo kwa mapuloteni a albumin mu mkodzo. Mu impso yathanzi, glomeruli imagwira ntchito ngati fyuluta yofewa, yosunga mapuloteni ofunikira monga albumin m'magazi. Komabe, pamene chotchinga ichi chawonongeka—nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi—albumin imatuluka mu mkodzo. Ngakhale pang'ono chabe imasonyeza gawo loyambirira la matenda a impso, lotchedwa microalbuminuria.

“Kuyezetsa magazi kwachikhalidwe kwa creatinine kumawonjezeka kokha pamene 50% ya ntchito ya impso yatayika,” akutero Dr. Helen Marquez, katswiri wa impso ku European Kidney Health Institute. “Kuyezetsa kwa ALB, mosiyana, kumagwira ntchito ngati alamu yochenjeza utsi. Kumazindikira kutuluka kwa madzi m'thupi pamene kuwonongekako kukubwezeretsedwa. Kwa odwala matenda a shuga a Mtundu 2 kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi, uwu ndi mwayi wopulumutsa moyo.”

Mayeso a ALB nthawi zambiri amachitidwa ngati chiŵerengero cha mkodzo cha albumin-to-creatinine (UACR) pa chitsanzo chimodzi cha mkodzo chosasankhidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chisakhale chovulaza komanso chotsika mtengo. Mosiyana ndi kusonkhanitsa mkodzo kwa maola 24, UACR imakonza kuchuluka kwa mkodzo, kupereka zotsatira zolondola nthawi yomweyo. Malangizo azachipatala omwe alipo pano amalimbikitsa kuti anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi aziyesedwa UACR osachepera chaka chilichonse.

Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyezanso kuti Urinary Albumin si chizindikiro cha matenda a impso okha komanso ndi chizindikiro champhamvu cha chiopsezo cha mtima. Kuchuluka kwa magazi m'thupi kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi matenda a mtima, sitiroko, ndi kulephera kwa mtima, ngakhale mwa anthu omwe alibe matenda a shuga. Kufunika kotereku kwapangitsa akatswiri a mtima kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a ALB ngati gawo la mayeso a mtima nthawi zonse.

Ngakhale kuti zatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi zothandiza, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amawunika matendawa kukutsika kwambiri. Kafukufuku wapadziko lonse wofalitsidwa mwezi watha mu *The Lancet Nephrology* adapeza kuti odwala osakwana 30% omwe ali pachiwopsezo amalandira mayeso a albuminuria pachaka. Zopinga zikuphatikizapo kusadziwa bwino pakati pa madokotala wamba komanso kuti CKD yoyambirira siimayambitsa zizindikiro zilizonse.

“Sitingadalire momwe wodwalayo akumvera,” akutero Dr. Marquez. “Akayamba kutupa kapena kutopa, kuwonongeka kwa impso nthawi zambiri sikungatheke. Tiyenera kuchita mayeso a ALB mwachizolowezi monga momwe timachitira poyesa kuthamanga kwa magazi.”

Mabungwe azaumoyo ku UK ndi Germany tsopano akuyesa machenjezo odziyimira pawokha m'mabuku azaumoyo apakompyuta kuti akumbutse madokotala kuti ayitanitsa mayeso a UACR kwa odwala oyenerera. Pakadali pano, zida zatsopano zosamalira odwala zomwe zimatha kupereka zotsatira za ALB mumphindi zochepa zikuyikidwa m'zipatala za anthu ammudzi.

Kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a impso osalankhula, kuyezetsa mkodzo mosavuta kwa albumin kumapereka chiyembekezo chabwino kwambiri chosunga magwiridwe antchito ndikupewa dialysis. Pamene ma kampeni azaumoyo akukulirakulira, uthengawu ndi womveka bwino: yang'anani mkodzo, tetezani impso.

Ife madokotala a Baysen titha kuperekaZida zoyesera za ALB mwachangukuti mupeze ulemu msanga. Takulandirani kuti mulumikizane nafe kuti mudziwe zambiri.