KumvetsetsaTyphoidMalungo: Zizindikiro, Kupatsirana, ndi Njira Zoyesera Matenda a M'thupi

Matenda a typhoid ndi matenda opatsirana m'matumbo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha Salmonella Typhi. Amafalikira makamaka kudzera mu chakudya kapena madzi oipitsidwa ndipo amapezeka kwambiri m'malo omwe alibe ukhondo wabwino. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo kutentha thupi kwambiri, kupweteka m'mimba, ziphuphu za roseola, bradycardia, ndi hepatosplenomegaly. Milandu yoopsa ingayambitse kubowoka kwa m'mimba kapena kutuluka magazi, ndipo ikhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo cha moyo. Kuzindikira msanga ndi kuchitapo kanthu ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti matendawa apitirire komanso kuchepetsa imfa, ndipo mayeso a serological amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pankhaniyi.

Njira zotumizira ma virus ndi madera omwe amapezeka kwambiri

TyphoidMalungo amafalikira makamaka kudzera m'ndowe ndi mkamwa. Chimbudzi cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kapena omwe ali nacho chimakhala ndi mabakiteriya ambiri, omwe amatha kuipitsa madzi kapena chakudya, zomwe zitha kupatsira ena. Matendawa akadali ofala m'maiko osatukuka monga Africa, South Asia, ndi Southeast Asia, makamaka m'madera omwe ali ndi zomangamanga zofooka komanso madzi abwino akumwa osakwanira. Anthu oyenda kumadera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu nawonso amakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda ngati alephera kutsatira njira zoyenera zodzitetezera.

Ma protocol oyesera a serological amatenda a typhoidmalungo

Kuzindikira msanga kwa matenda amatenda a typhoid Malungo ndi ovuta, chifukwa zizindikiro zake nthawi zambiri zimafanana ndi za matenda ena a malungo, mongamalungo ndidengue Kuchiza malungo. Kuchiza magazi ndiye muyezo wabwino kwambiri wotsimikiziratyphoiD malungo, koma njira iyi imatenga nthawi (nthawi zambiri imatenga masiku angapo), ndipo kukhudzidwa kwake kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga nthawi yosonkhanitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki. Chifukwa chake, mayeso a serological amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chida chowonjezera chodziwira matenda chifukwa cha kufulumira kwake komanso kuphweka kwake.

1. Mayeso Ozungulira
   Mayeso a Widal ndi njira yodziwika bwino yoyesera matenda a typhoid fever, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira ma antibodies motsutsana ndi O (somatic antigen) ndi H (flagellar antigen) m'magazi a wodwalayo. Nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies kumayamba kukwera pafupifupi sabata imodzi zizindikiro zitayamba.
   • Zofunikira pa ntchito: Zitsanzo za seramu ziwiri kuchokera ku magawo onse a pachimake ndi achikulire ndizofunikira. Kuwonjezeka kanayi kapena kuposerapo kwa titer ya antibody kumaonedwa kuti ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika matenda.
   • Zoletsa: Kuyesaku kuli ndi kutsimikizika kochepa ndipo kungapereke zotsatira zabodza (monga, chifukwa cha katemera wakale kapena matenda enaSalmonellaserotypes). Komanso imakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa yodziwira matendawa kumayambiriro kwa matendawa.
2. Kuyesa kwa Immunosorbent Kogwirizana ndi Enzyme (ELISA)
   M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ukadaulo wa ELISA wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira ma antibodies enieni a typhoid (monga anti-Vi antigen IgG ndi IgM), zomwe zimapereka mphamvu zambiri komanso kudziwika bwino.
   • Ubwino: Imatha kusiyanitsa matenda opatsirana mwadzidzidzi (IgM-positive) ndi matenda omwe adatenga kale kapena momwe adanyamulira matendawa (IgG-positive). Chitsanzo chimodzi cha seramu chingapereke zotsatira zosonyeza zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa nthawi yodziwira matenda.
   • Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Ndikoyenera makamaka madera omwe ali ndi zipatala zochepa kapena ngati chida chowunikira mwachangu panthawi ya mliri.
3. Njira Zina Zoyesera Mwachangu
   Zipangizo zoyesera mwachangu monga mayeso a colloidal gold immunochromatographic nazonso zagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zingapereke zotsatira zoyambirira mkati mwa mphindi 15-20 ndipo ndizoyenera ku malo osamalira odwala komanso kuwunikira odwala pamalopo.

Ngakhale kuti mayeso a serological ali ndi ubwino wokhala wachangu komanso wosavuta, zotsatira zake ziyenera kuweruzidwa mokwanira pamodzi ndi zizindikiro zachipatala za wodwalayo, mbiri ya epidemiological, ndi mayeso ena a labotale (monga kuwunika magazi ndi mayeso a PCR molecular) kuti apewe matenda olakwika.

Kupewa ndi Kuchiza

Njira zothandiza kwambiri zopeweramatenda a typhoidmalungo ndi kusunga ukhondo, kumwa madzi abwino, komanso kulandira katemera wa malungo.matenda a typhoidMalungo akapezeka, maantibayotiki ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu pochiza. Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwa mitundu yosamva mankhwala m'zaka zaposachedwa kwabweretsa mavuto atsopano pa chithandizo chamankhwala.

Powombetsa mkota,matenda a typhoid Malungo akupitirira kuopseza thanzi la anthu m'madera ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyesa kwa maselo a m'thupi, monga chida chofunikira chothandizira pozindikira matenda, akuyembekezeka kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa matenda oyambamatenda a typhoid malungo mothandizidwa ndi ukadaulo wokonzedwa bwino nthawi zonse, zomwe zimathandiza kuwongolera bwino kufalikira kwa matenda.

Baysen MedicalNthawi zonse timayang'ana kwambiri njira zodziwira matenda kuti tiwongolere moyo. Tapanga nsanja 5 zaukadaulo - Latex, colloidal gold, Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, Molecular, Chemiluminescence Immunoassay. Tili ndi Mayeso achangu a Typhoid IgG/Igm kuti aone kuvulala kwa impso komwe kumachitika msanga.