KumvetsetsaTyphoidKutentha thupi: Zizindikiro, Kupatsirana, ndi Njira Zoyezera Seroloji

Matenda a typhoid ndi matenda opatsirana a m'mimba omwe amayamba chifukwa cha Salmonella Typhi. Amafala makamaka kudzera mu chakudya kapena madzi oipitsidwa ndipo amapezeka makamaka m'madera omwe alibe ukhondo. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo kutentha thupi kosalekeza, kupweteka m'mimba, totupa ya roseola, bradycardia, ndi hepatosplenomegaly. Zovuta kwambiri zimatha kuyambitsa matumbo kapena kutuluka magazi, ndipo zimatha kuyika moyo pachiwopsezo. Kuzindikira koyambirira ndi kuchitapo kanthu ndikofunikira kuti athe kuwongolera kupitilira kwa matendawa ndikuchepetsa kufa, ndipo kuyezetsa serological kumathandizira kwambiri pakuchita izi.

Njira zopatsirana komanso madera omwe ali ndi zochitika zambiri

Typhoidmalungo amafalitsidwa makamaka kudzera m'chimbudzi ndi m'kamwa. Chimbudzi chochokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo kapena zonyamulira chimanyamula mabakiteriya ambiri, omwe amatha kuipitsa madzi kapena chakudya, omwe amatha kupatsira ena. Matendawa akadali ofala m’maiko omwe akutukuka kumene monga ku Africa, South Asia, ndi kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa Asia, makamaka m’madera amene ali ndi ukhondo wofooka komanso opanda madzi abwino akumwa. Anthu opita kumadera kumene kuli ngozi zambiri, nawonso amatha kutenga matenda ngati satsatira njira zopewera ngozi.

Ma protocol a serological test fortayifodimalungo

Kuzindikira koyambirira kwatayifodi malungo ndi ovuta, chifukwa zizindikiro zake nthawi zambiri zimafanana ndi matenda ena a chimfine, mongamalungo ndidengue malungo. Chikhalidwe cha magazi ndiye muyezo wagolide wotsimikiziratyphoid malungo, koma njirayi imatenga nthawi (nthawi zambiri imatenga masiku angapo), ndipo kukhudzidwa kwake kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga nthawi yotolera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki. Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa kwa serological kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chida chowunikira chowonjezera chifukwa chakufulumira komanso kuphweka kwake.

1. Widal Test
   Mayeso a Widal ndi njira yoyesera yachikhalidwe ya typhoid fever, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ma antibody motsutsana ndi O (somatic antigen) ndi H (flagellar antigen) mu seramu ya wodwalayo. Ma antibodies amayamba kukwera pakadutsa sabata imodzi chizindikiro chayamba.
   • Zofunikira pakugwira ntchito: Zitsanzo za seramu zophatikizana kuchokera kugawo lachimake komanso lotsitsimula ndizofunikira. Kuwonjezeka kuwirikiza kanayi kapena kukulirapo kwa antibody titer kumawonedwa ngati kofunika kwambiri.
   • Zolepheretsa: Kuyezetsako kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe otsika kwambiri ndipo kumatha kutulutsa zotsatira zabodza (mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha katemera wakale kapena matenda ena.Salmonellaserotypes). Imakhalanso ndi mphamvu zochepa kumayambiriro kwa matendawa.
2. Kuyeza kwa Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
   M'zaka zaposachedwa, teknoloji ya ELISA yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti azindikire ma antibodies enieni a typhoid (monga anti-Vi antigen IgG ndi IgM), omwe amapereka chidziwitso chapamwamba komanso tsatanetsatane.
   • Ubwino: Imatha kusiyanitsa matenda aacute (IgM-positive) ndi matenda am'mbuyomu kapena momwe amanyamula (IgG-positive). Chitsanzo chimodzi cha seramu chikhoza kupereka zotsatira zowonetsera, kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yowunikira.
   • Kugwiritsa ntchito: Ndikoyenera makamaka kumadera omwe alibe chithandizo chamankhwala chochepa kapena ngati chida chowunikira mwachangu pakabuka miliri.
3. Njira Zina Zoyesera Mwachangu
   Zida zoyeserera mwachangu monga mayeso a colloidal gold immunochromatographic agwiritsidwanso ntchito, omwe atha kupereka zotsatira zoyambira mkati mwa mphindi 15-20 ndipo ndi oyenera m'mabungwe osamalira odwala komanso kuyang'anira malo.

Ngakhale kuyesa kwa serological kuli ndi ubwino wokhala wofulumira komanso wosavuta, zotsatira zake ziyenera kuweruzidwa mozama pamodzi ndi mawonetseredwe achipatala a wodwalayo, mbiri ya matenda a epidemiological, ndi mayesero ena a labotale (monga chikhalidwe cha magazi ndi kuyezetsa magazi kwa PCR) kuti apewe matenda olakwika.

Kupewa ndi Kuchiza

Njira zothandiza kwambiri zopeweratayifodikutentha thupi ndiko kusunga ukhondo, kumwa madzi abwino, ndi katemeratayifodimalungo. Akapezeka, maantibayotiki ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu pochiza. Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwa mitundu yosamva mankhwala m'zaka zaposachedwa kwabweretsa zovuta zachipatala.

Powombetsa mkota,tayifodi malungo akupitirizabe kuopseza thanzi la anthu m'madera ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyeza kwa serological, monga chida chofunikira chodziwira matenda, chikuyembekezeka kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa matenda amtunduwutayifodi kutentha thupi mothandizidwa ndi matekinoloje okhathamiritsa mosalekeza, kupereka chithandizo chowongolera kufala kwa matenda.

Baysen Medicalnthawi zonse kuyang'ana pa matenda njira kusintha moyo. Tapanga nsanja 5 zaukadaulo- Latex, golide wa colloidal, Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, Molecular,Chemiluminescence Immunoassay.Tili ndi Mayeso a typhoid IgG/Igm Rapid pofuna kuyesa kuvulala kwa impso koyambirira.