Mayeso a Free Prostate-Specific Antigen (f-PSA) ndi mwala wapangodya wa zowunikira zamakono za urological, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwunika kwachiwopsezo cha khansa ya prostate. Kufunika kwake sikuli ngati chida chodziyimira chokha koma ngati chothandizira ku mayeso onse a PSA (t-PSA), kupititsa patsogolo kulondola kwa matenda ndikuwongolera zisankho zovuta zachipatala, makamaka pothandizira kupewa njira zosafunikira.

Chovuta chachikulu pakuwunika khansa ya prostate ndikusowa kwa t-PSA. Mlingo wokwera wa t-PSA (kawirikawiri> 4 ng/mL) ukhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi khansa ya prostate, komanso chifukwa cha matenda monga Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) ndi prostatitis. Izi zimapanga "diagnostic gray zone," makamaka pamitengo ya t-PSA pakati pa 4 ndi 10 ng/mL. Kwa amuna amtundu uwu, kusankha ngati angapite ku prostate biopsy - njira yowononga yomwe imakhala ndi zoopsa monga magazi, matenda, ndi kusamva bwino - zimakhala zovuta. Ndipamenepo mayeso a f-PSA amatsimikizira kufunika kwake.

Kufunika kwakukulu kwa f-PSA kwagona pakutha kuwongolera kuwunika kwa ngozi kudzera mu chiŵerengero cha f-PSA mpaka t-PSA (peresenti yaulere ya PSA). Mwachilengedwe, PSA imapezeka m'magazi m'mitundu iwiri: yomangidwa ku mapuloteni komanso yaulere. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha f-PSA ndi chochepa mwa amuna omwe ali ndi khansa ya prostate poyerekeza ndi omwe ali ndi BPH. Ma cell owopsa amayamba kupanga PSA yomwe imalowa m'magazi ndikumangika mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe aulere azikhala ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, gawo lalikulu la f-PSA nthawi zambiri limagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukula kwabwino.

Kusiyana kwa biochemical uku kumalimbikitsidwa ndichipatala kuti awerengere peresenti yaulere ya PSA. PSA yaulere paperesenti yotsika (mwachitsanzo, pansi pa 10-15%, yokhala ndi zodulidwa zenizeni) zimawonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu kwa khansa ya prostate ndipo zimavomereza mwamphamvu malingaliro a prostate biopsy. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, PSA yaulere yaulere (mwachitsanzo, pamwamba pa 20-25%) imasonyeza mwayi wochepa wa khansa, kutanthauza kuti kukwera kwa t-PSA kumakhala kowonjezereka chifukwa cha BPH. Zikatero, dokotala akhoza kulangiza molimba mtima njira yowunikira mogwira mtima - kubwereza kuyezetsa kwa PSA ndi mayeso a rectal pa nthawi - m'malo mochita biopsy nthawi yomweyo.

Chifukwa chake, chofunikira kwambiri pakuyesa kwa f-PSA ndikuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa ma prostate biopsies osafunikira. Popereka chidziwitso chatsankho chovutachi, mayesowa amathandizira kuti amuna ambiri asakumane ndi zovuta zomwe safunikira, potero amachepetsa kudwala kwa odwala, kuchepetsa ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo, ndikuchepetsa nkhawa yayikulu yokhudzana ndi biopsy ndikudikirira zotsatira zake.

Pambuyo pa 4-10 ng / mL imvi zone, f-PSA ndiyofunikanso pazinthu zina: kwa amuna omwe ali ndi t-PSA mosalekeza ngakhale kuti anali ndi biopsy yolakwika, kapena ngakhale kwa omwe ali ndi t-PSA yachibadwa koma mayeso osadziwika a digito. Ikuphatikizidwa mochulukira mu ma calculator angapo a parametric chiopsezo kuti muwunikire mozama.

Pomaliza, kufunikira kwa kuyesa kwa f-PSA sikunganenedwe mopambanitsa. Imasintha zotsatira za t-PSA zopanda pake, zosatchulika kukhala chida champhamvu komanso chanzeru chowunikira. Mwa kupangitsa kuti pakhale kusamalidwa kwachiwopsezo m'dera la grey zone, kumathandizira asing'anga kupanga zisankho zodziwika bwino, zozikidwa paumboni, pamapeto pake kukhathamiritsa chisamaliro cha odwala pochepetsa mosamala matenda ochulukirachulukira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti amuna omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu azindikiridwa ndikuwunika mwachangu.