GusobanukirwaTifoyideUmuriro: Ibimenyetso, Kwandura, n'Ingamba zo Gupima Serologiya

Indwara ya tifoyide ni indwara ikomeye yandura mu mara iterwa na Salmonella Typhi. Yandurira cyane cyane mu biribwa cyangwa amazi yanduye kandi ikunze kugaragara cyane mu duce dufite isuku nke. Ibimenyetso bisanzwe birimo umuriro uhoraho, ububabare bwo mu nda, ibisebe bya roseola, bradycardia, na hepatosplenomegaly. Indwara zikomeye zishobora gutera gutobora amara cyangwa kuva amaraso, ndetse zishobora no gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Gusuzuma hakiri kare no gufata ingamba ni ingenzi mu kugenzura ikwirakwira ry’iyi ndwara no kugabanya impfu, kandi gupima serologiya bigira uruhare runini muri iki gikorwa.

Inzira zo kohereza amakuru n'ahantu hakunze kwaduka impanuka nyinshi

TifoyideUmuriro wandurira cyane cyane mu nzira y’umwanda no mu kanwa. Umwanda w’abantu banduye cyangwa abawurwaye uba ufite umubare munini wa bagiteri, zishobora kwanduza amazi cyangwa ibiryo, zishobora kwanduza abandi. Iyi ndwara ikomeje gukwirakwira mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere nka Afurika, Aziya y’Epfo, na Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Uburasirazuba, cyane cyane mu turere dufite ibikorwa remezo by’isuku nke kandi tudashoboye kubona amazi meza yo kunywa. Abagenzi bajya mu turere twibasiwe n’impanuka nabo bashobora kwandura iyo bananiwe gufata ingamba zikwiye.

Uburyo bwo gupima indwara z'imitsi yo mu maraso (serological test protocols)tifoyideumuriro

Gusuzuma hakiri kare indwaratifoyide Umuriro uragoye, kuko ibimenyetso byawo akenshi bisa n'iby'izindi ndwara ziterwa n'umuriro, nkamalariya nadengue umuriro. Gupima amaraso ni cyo gipimo cy’agaciro cyo kwemezatifoyid umuriro, ariko ubu buryo butwara igihe kinini (ubusanzwe bufata iminsi myinshi), kandi ubushobozi bwabwo buterwa n'ibintu nko gufata imiti n'ikoreshwa rya antibiyotike. Kubwibyo, gupima indwara hakoreshejwe serologiya bikoreshwa cyane nk'igikoresho cy'inyongera cyo gusuzuma bitewe nuko byihuse kandi byoroshye.

1. Ikizamini cy'Ubugari
   Ikizamini cya Widal ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gusuzuma indwara ya tifoyide, bukoreshwa mu gupima utunyangingo tw’umubiri turwanya O (antigen somatic) na H (antigen flagellar) mu maraso y’umurwayi. Ubusanzwe urugero rw’utunyangingo tw’umubiri rutangira kwiyongera nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe ibimenyetso bitangiye.
   • Ibisabwa mu gikorwa: Hakenewe ingero z'amaraso zivanze zo mu cyiciro cy'indwara z'ubukana n'iz'ubukana bw'indwara z'ubukana bw'amaraso. Kwiyongera inshuro enye cyangwa nyinshi kw'inyito y'umubiri w'umuntu bifatwa nk'ikintu gikomeye mu gusuzuma indwara.
   • Imbogamizi: Ikizamini gifite ubushobozi buke kandi gishobora gutanga ibisubizo bitari byo (urugero, bitewe no gukingirwa mbere cyangwa kwandura izindi ndwara).Salmonellaserotypes). Nanone ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kumva indwara mu ntangiriro.
2. Isuzuma ry’imyunyungugu rifitanye isano na enzyme (ELISA)
   Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ikoranabuhanga rya ELISA ryakoreshejwe cyane mu gupima uturemangingo tw’umubiri twihariye twa tifoyide (nk’udukoko twa anti-Vi antigen IgG na IgM), ritanga ubushobozi bwo kumva no kugaragaza umwihariko.
   • Ibyiza: Bishobora gutandukanya ubwandu bw’igikatu (ubwandu bwa IgM) n’ubwandu bwabanje cyangwa uko bwagaragaye (ubwandu bwa IgG). Ingero imwe mu maraso ishobora gutanga igisubizo cy’ibizamini, bigagabanya cyane igihe cyo gusuzuma.
   • Ikoreshwa: Ikwiriye cyane cyane mu turere dufite amikoro make y’ubuvuzi cyangwa nk'igikoresho cyo gusuzuma byihuse mu gihe cy'icyorezo.
3. Ubundi buryo bwo gupima byihuse
   Ibikoresho byo gupima byihuse nka colloidal gold immunochromatographic tests nabyo byashyizwe mu bikorwa, bishobora gutanga ibisubizo by'ibanze mu minota 15-20 kandi bibereye ibigo byita ku babyeyi b'ibanze no gupimwa aho baherereye.

Nubwo gupima amaraso mu maraso bifite akamaro ko kwihuta no koroshya, ibisubizo byabyo bigomba gupimwa neza hamwe n’ibimenyetso by’uburwayi bw’umurwayi, amateka y’ibyorezo, n’ibindi bipimo byo muri laboratwari (nk’ibipimo by’amaraso n’ibipimo bya PCR molekile) kugira ngo hirindwe ko byakwitwa ko ari byo.

Kwirinda no kuvura

Uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kwirindatifoyideumuriro ni ukugira isuku ku mubiri, kunywa amazi meza, no gukingirwatifoyideUmuriro. Iyo umaze kumenyekana, imiti irwanya udukoko igomba gukoreshwa vuba kugira ngo ivurwe. Ariko, kwiyongera kw'ubwoko budashobora kwihanganira imiti mu myaka ya vuba aha byazanye imbogamizi nshya mu buvuzi.

Muri make,tifoyide Umuriro ukomeje gushyira mu kaga ubuzima bw'abaturage mu turere twinshi ku isi. Ibipimo by'indwara zo mu maraso, nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo gusuzuma indwara, byitezwe ko bizamura igipimo cyo gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare.tifoyide umuriro hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rihoraho rinoze, ritanga inkunga yo kugenzura neza ikwirakwira ry'indwara.

Ubuvuzi bwa BaysenBuri gihe hibandwa ku buryo bwo gusuzuma kugira ngo habeho ireme ry'ubuzima. Twakoze ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rigizwe na: Latex, colloidal gold, Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, Molecular, Chemiluminescence Immunoassay. Ikizamini cyihuse cya Tifoyide IgG/Igm gupima igikomere cy'impyiko mu gihe cyo hakiri kare.