Mu bihe bigoye byubuvuzi bwa kijyambere, isuzuma ryoroshye ryamaraso akenshi rifite urufunguzo rwo gutabara hakiri kare kandi rukiza ubuzima. Muri ibyo, ikizamini cya Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) kigaragara nk'igikoresho gikomeye, gifite impande nyinshi akamaro kacyo kuva mu gukurikirana imikurire y'inda kugeza kurwanya kanseri ku bantu bakuru.

Mu myaka mirongo, ikizamini cya AFP cyabaye urufatiro rwo gusuzuma mbere yo kubyara. Nka poroteyine ikorwa n'umwijima w'inda, urugero rwa AFP mu maraso y'umugore utwite n'amazi ya amniotic bitanga idirishya rikomeye mu nda. Iyo byinjijwe muburyo bwagutse bwo gusuzuma, ikizamini cya AFP, gisanzwe gikozwe hagati yibyumweru 15 na 20 byo gutwita, nuburyo bukomeye, butabangamira gusuzuma ibyago byubumuga bukomeye. Urwego rwo hejuru rudasanzwe rushobora kwerekana ibyago byinshi byo kwandura indwara zifata imitsi, nka spina bifida cyangwa anencephaly, aho ubwonko cyangwa uruti rwumugongo bidakura neza. Ibinyuranye, urwego rwo hasi rushobora kwerekana ibyago byinshi kuri chromosomal idasanzwe, harimo na syndrome ya Down. Ubu buryo bwo kuburira hakiri kare butanga abashinzwe ubuvuzi guha ababyeyi ibindi bizamini byo kwisuzumisha, ubujyanama, n'amahirwe yo kwitegura ubuvuzi bwihariye, bikagira uruhare rukomeye mubuvuzi bufite inshingano.

Ariko, ubusobanuro bwikizamini cya AFP burenze kure icyumba cyo gutanga. Mu mpinduka zikomeye, iyi poroteyine yo mu nda yongeye kugaragara nka biomarker ikomeye mu mubiri ukuze, aho ihari ari ibendera ry'umutuku. Kubantu ba gastroenterologiste naba oncologiste, ikizamini cya AFP nintwaro yambere murugamba rwo kurwanya kanseri yumwijima, cyane cyane Carcinoma Hepatocellular (HCC).

Ku bantu barwaye umwijima udakira nka cirrhose cyangwa hepatite B na C, gukurikirana buri gihe urwego rwa AFP birashobora kurokora ubuzima. Kuzamuka kurwego rwa AFP muri aba baturage bafite ibyago byinshi bikunze kuba ikimenyetso cyambere cyo gukura kw'ibibyimba, bigatuma ubushakashatsi bwerekana amashusho mugihe nka ultrasound cyangwa CT scan kugirango byemezwe. Ibi bituma habaho gutabara hakiri kare cyane, bishobora kuvurwa cyane byindwara, bigatera imbere cyane kubaho. Byongeye kandi, ikizamini ntabwo ari ugupima gusa. Ku barwayi basanzwe bivurirwa na HCC, ibipimo bya AFP bikurikirana bikoreshwa mugukurikirana imikorere yubuvuzi no kugenzura kanseri.

Ikizamini gifite akamaro kanini mugupima no gucunga ibibyimba bya mikorobe, nkibiboneka muri ovaries cyangwa testes. Urwego rwa AFP rwazamutse cyane kumugabo ufite misa ya testicular, urugero, yerekana cyane ubwoko bwa kanseri, buyobora ibyemezo byo kuvura kuva mbere.

Nubwo ifite imbaraga, inzobere mu buvuzi zishimangira ko ikizamini cya AFP atari igikoresho cyo gusuzuma. Ibisubizo byayo bigomba gusobanurwa murwego - urebye imyaka umurwayi afite, ubuzima bwe, hamwe nibindi bizamini. Ibyiza nibibi bishobora kubaho. Nyamara, agaciro kayo ntawahakana.

Mu gusoza, ikizamini cya AFP gikubiyemo ihame ryubuvuzi bukumira kandi bukora. Kuva kubungabunga ubuzima bwigihe kizaza kugeza gutanga umuburo wihuse hakiri kare kanseri yibasira, iki kizamini cyamaraso gikomeje kuba inkingi yubuvuzi bwo gusuzuma. Gukomeza kandi kumenyeshwa imikoreshereze yubuvuzi nubuhamya bwingenzi burambye mukurinda no kubungabunga ubuzima bwabantu.