KunzwisisaTyphoidFivha: Zviratidzo, Kutapurirana, uye Serological Testing Strategies

Chirwere chetyphoid chirwere chinotapukira chemudumbu chinokonzerwa neSalmonella Typhi. Chinonyanya kutapuriranwa kuburikidza nechikafu kana mvura ine utachiona uye chinonyanya kuwanda munzvimbo dzine hutsanana husina kunaka. Zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika zvinosanganisira kuramba kuchipisa kupisa, kurwadziwa mudumbu, roseola rash, bradycardia, uye hepatosplenomegaly. Mhosva dzakakomba dzinogona kukonzera kuputika kwematumbo kana kubuda ropa, uye zvinogona kutotyisa hupenyu. Kuongororwa kwekutanga uye kupindira kwakakosha mukudzora kufambira mberi kwechirwere uye kuderedza kufa, uye kuongorora serological kunoita basa rakakosha mukuita uku.

Nzira dzekutumira uye nzvimbo dzakakwirira-zviitiko

Typhoidfivha inonyanya kuparadzirwa kuburikidza nefecal-oral route. Chituru chevanhu vane utachiona kana vatakuri chinotakura huwandu hukuru hwebhakitiriya, hunogona kusvibisa mvura kana chikafu, hunogona kutapurira vamwe. Chirwere ichi chiri kuramba chakatekeshera munyika dzichiri kusimukira dzakaita seAfrica, South Asia, neSoutheast Asia, zvikuru munzvimbo dzine hutsanana husina kusimba uye kusawana mvura yekunwa yakachena. Vafambi vanoenda kunzvimbo dzine njodzi huru zvakare vanotapukirwa neutachiona kana vakatadza kutora matanho akakwana ekuzvidzivirira.

Serological test protocols yetyphoidkupindwa nechando

Kukurumidza kuongororwa kwetyphoid fivha inonetsa, sezvo zviratidzo zvaro zvinowanzofanana nedzezvimwe zvirwere zvefivha, sengemarariya uyedengue kupindwa nechando. Tsika yeropa ndiyo chiyero chegoridhe chekusimbisatyphoid fever, asi nzira iyi inotora nguva (kazhinji inotora mazuva akati wandei), uye kunzwisiswa kwayo kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakaita senguva yekuunganidza uye kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Naizvozvo, kuongorora serological kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya seyekuwedzera yekuongorora chishandiso nekuda kwekukurumidza kwayo uye nyore.

1. Widal Test
   Muedzo weWidal inzira yechinyakare serological assay yefivha yetyphoid, inoshandiswa kuona masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anorwisa O (somatic antigen) uye H (flagellar antigen) muserum yemurwere. Maantibody anowanzo tanga kukwira vhiki imwe mushure mekutanga kwechiratidzo.
   • Chinodiwa chekushanda: Paired serum samples kubva kune ese acute uye convalescent phase anodiwa. Kuwedzera kwakapetwa kana kana kukuru kweantibody titer inoonekwa seyakakosha.
   • Mipimo: Muedzo une huroi hwakaderera uye unogona kupa mhedzisiro yenhema (semuenzaniso, nekuda kwekutanga kubaiwa kana kutapukirwa nezvimwe.Salmonellaserotypes). Iinewo kunzwisisika kuduku mumatanho ekutanga echirwere.
2. Enzyme-Yakabatanidzwa Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
   Mumakore achangopfuura, tekinoroji yeELISA yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kuona typhoid-chaiyo masoja ekudzivirira chirwere (akadai se anti-Vi antigen IgG neIgM), achipa kunzwisiswa kwakanyanya uye kujeka.
   • Zvakanakira: Inogona kusiyanisa hutachiona hwehutachiona (IgM-positive) kubva kune hutachiona hwekare kana chimiro chekutakura (IgG-positive). Imwe serum sampuli inogona kupa referensi mhedzisiro, zvakanyanya kupfupisa yekuongorora nguva.
   • Chishandiso: Yakanyanya kukodzera nzvimbo dzine zviwanikwa zvekurapa zvishoma kana sechishandiso chekukurumidza chekuongorora panguva yekubuda kwedenda.
3. Dzimwe Nzira Dzakakurumidza Kuedza
   Yekukurumidza bvunzo kits senge colloidal goridhe immunochromatographic bvunzo yakaiswa zvakare mukushandiswa, iyo inogona kupa yekutanga mhinduro mukati memaminitsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri uye inokodzera masangano ekutanga ekuchengetedza uye pane-saiti kuongorora.

Kunyangwe kuongororwa serological kune zvakanakira kukurumidza uye nyore, mhedzisiro yayo inofanirwa kutongwa zvizere pamwe chete nemurwere kuratidzwa kwekiriniki, epidemiological nhoroondo, uye kumwe kuongorora kwerabhoritari (senge tsika yeropa uye PCR molecular test) kudzivirira zvisizvo.

Kudzivirira uye Kurapa

Nzira dzinoshanda dzekudziviriratyphoidfivha ndeyekuchengetedza hutsanana, kunwa mvura isina njodzi, uye kubaiwa nhombatyphoidkupindwa nechando. Kana yaonekwa, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inofanira kushandiswa nokukurumidza pakurapwa. Nekudaro, kuwedzera kwemhando dzisingarapike nemishonga mumakore achangopfuura kwakaunza matambudziko matsva pakurapa kwekiriniki.

Muchidimbu,typhoid fever inoramba ichityisidzira hutano hwevanhu munzvimbo dzakawanda pasi rose. Kuongororwa kweserological, sechinhu chakakosha chekubatsira chekuongorora, inotarisirwa kuwedzera kuvandudza kwekutanga kuongororwa mwero wetyphoid fivha nerutsigiro rwemichina inoenderera mberi yakagadziridzwa, ichipa tsigiro yekudzora kunoshanda kwekutapurirana kwechirwere.

Baysen Medicalinogara ichitarisa pane yekuongorora nzira yekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu. Takagadzira mapuratifomu mashanu ehunyanzvi- Latex, colloidal gold, Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, Molecular,Chemiluminescence Immunoassay.Tine Typhoid IgG/Igm Rapid bvunzo yekuongorora kukuvara kweitsvo kwekutanga.