Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kunzwisisa emishonga yemazuva ano, kuongorora ropa kwakapfava kunowanzova nekiyi yekukurumidza kupindira uye kuponesa upenyu. Pakati peizvi, bvunzo yeAlpha-fetoprotein (AFP) inomira sechinhu chakakosha, chine mativi akawanda ane kukosha kunobva pakutarisa kukura kwe fetal kusvika pakurwisa gomarara muvakuru.

Kwemakumi emakore, iyo AFP bvunzo yanga iri dombo repakona rekuongororwa kwevasati vazvarwa. Seprotein inogadzirwa nechiropa che "fetus", mazinga eAFP muropa remukadzi ane pamuviri uye amniotic fluid inopa hwindo rakakosha muchibereko. Kana yabatanidzwa mupaneru yekuongorora yakafara, bvunzo yeAFP, inowanzoitwa pakati pemasvondo gumi nemashanu nemakumi maviri enhumbu, inzira ine simba, isingapindire yekuongorora njodzi yekuremara kwakakomba kwekuzvarwa. Zvisina kujairika mazinga akakwirira anogona kuratidza njodzi yakawedzera yekuremara kweneural chubhu, senge spina bifida kana anencephaly, uko uropi kana musana usingakure zvakanaka. Ukuwo, mazinga akaderera anogona kuratidza njodzi yakakwira yechromosomal abnormalities, kusanganisira Down syndrome. Iyi yekutanga yambiro sisitimu inobvumira vatapi vehutano kuti vape vabereki kumwe kuongororwa kwekuongorora, kuraira, uye mukana wekugadzirira kutarisirwa kwehunyanzvi, zvichiita kuti ive chikamu chakakosha chekuchengetedza hutano.

Nekudaro, kukosha kwekuyedzwa kweAFP kunosvika kure kupfuura imba yekuzvitakura. Mukugadzirisa kunomanikidza, iyi fetal protein inobuda zvakare seine simba biomarker mumuviri wevakuru, uko kuvepo kwayo mureza mutsvuku. Kune gastroenterologists uye oncologists, iyo AFP bvunzo chombo chepamberi muhondo yekurwisa cancer yechiropa, kunyanya Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).

Muvanhu vane zvirwere zvechiropa zvisingaperi senge cirrhosis kana hepatitis B neC, kugara uchitarisa mazinga eAFP kunogona kuponesa hupenyu. Kukwira kweAFP nhanho muhuwandu hwenjodzi iyi inowanzo shanda sechiratidzo chekutanga chekukura kwebundu, zvichikurudzira zvidzidzo zvekufungidzira panguva sema ultrasound kana CT scans yekusimbisa. Izvi zvinobvumira kupindira panguva yakare, nhanho inorapika yechirwere, kuvandudza zvinoshamisa mararamiro ekupona. Uyezve, bvunzo haisi yekuongorora chete. Kune varwere vari kutorapwa HCC, serial AFP zviyero zvinoshandiswa kutarisa kushanda kwekurapa uye kutarisa kudzoka kwegomarara.

Muyedzo wekushandisa unowedzerawo pakuongorora uye kugadzirisa hutachiona hwema cell tumors, seaya anowanikwa mumaovari kana testes. Iyo yakakwira AFP nhanho mumurume ane testicular mass, semuenzaniso, inonongedza kune chaiyo mhando yegomarara, ichitungamira sarudzo dzekurapa kubva pakutanga.

Pasinei nesimba rayo, vashandi vezvokurapa vanosimbisa kuti iyo AFP bvunzo haisi yega yega yekuongorora. Migumisiro yaro inofanira kududzirwa maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu-zvichitarisa zera remurwere, mamiriro ehutano, pamwe chete nedzimwe ongororo. Maonero enhema uye zvakaipa zvinogona kuitika. Asi, kukosha kwayo hakurambiki.

Mukupedzisa, iyo AFP bvunzo inomiririra musimboti wekudzivirira uye unoshanda mushonga. Kubva pakuchengetedza hutano hwechizvarwa chinotevera kusvika pakupa yambiro yakakosha kubva kugomarara rine hasha, iyi ongororo yeropa inoramba iri mbiru yemushonga wekuongorora. Kuenderera mberi kwayo uye kushandiswa kweruzivo mumakiriniki maitiro chiratidzo chekukosha kwayo kusingagumi mukudzivirira nekuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu.