Mafu a tšoaetsanoang a tsamaisoang ke menoang: litšokelo le thibelo

Menoang ke e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Ho loma ha tsona ho fetisa mafu a mangata a bolaeang, a fellang ka mafu a makholo a likete lefatšeng ka bophara selemo se seng le se seng. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, mafu a bakoang ke menoang (a kang malaria le feberu ea dengue) a tšoaetsa batho ba fetang limilione tse makholo, e leng se bakang tšokelo e kholo bophelong ba sechaba. Sengoloa sena se tla hlahisa mafu a maholo a tšoaetsanoang a bakoang ke menoang, mekhoa ea ho a fetisetsa, le mehato ea thibelo le taolo.

I. Monoang e Jala Mafu Joang?

Menoang e fetisetsa likokoana-hloko (livaerase, likokoana-hloko, jj.) ho tloha ho batho kapa liphoofolo tse tšoaelitsoeng ho ea ho batho ba phetseng hantle ka ho monya mali. Ts'ebetso ea phetisetso e kenyelletsa:

1. Ho longoa ke motho ea tšoaelitsoeng: Monoang o hema mali a nang le kokoana-hloko.
2. Ho ata ha kokoana-hloko ka har'a monoang: Vaerase kapa kokoana-hloko e hlaha ka har'a monoang (mohlala, Plasmodium e phethela potoloho ea bophelo ba eona ka har'a monoang oa Anopheles).
3. Phetisetso ho moamoheli e mocha: Ha monoang o loma hape, kokoana-hloko e kena 'meleng ka mathe.

Mefuta e fapaneng ea menoang e fetisa mafu a fapaneng, a kang:

• Aedes aegypti– Dengue, Chikv, Zika, Feberu e Tshehla
• Menoang ea Anopheles– Malaria
• Menoang ea Culex– Vaerase ea West Nile, Encephalitis ea Japane

II. Mafu a Maholo a Tšoaetso a Tshwarwang ke Monoang

(1) Mafu a Kokwana-hloko

1. Feberu ea Dengue
   • Sekokoana-hloko: Vaerase ea Dengue (li-serotype tse 4)
   • Matšoao: Feberu e phahameng, hlooho e opang haholo, bohloko ba mesifa; e ka fetela ho tsoa mali kapa ho tšoha.
   • Libaka tse atileng haholo: Libaka tsa tropike le tsa subtropical (Asia Boroa-bochabela, Latin America).
2. Lefu la Vaerase ea Zika
   • Kotsi: Tšoaetso ho basali ba bakhachane e ka baka microcephaly ho masea; e amahanngoa le mathata a methapo ea kutlo.

3. Feberu ea Chikungunya

• Sesosa: Vaerase ea Chikungunya (CHIKV)
• Mefuta e meholo ea menoang: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus
• Matšoao: Feberu e phahameng, bohloko bo boholo ba manonyeletso (bo ka nkang dikgwedi tse mmalwa).

4.Feberu e Tšehla

• Matšoao: Feberu, ho ruruha ha letlalo, ho tsoa mali; sekgahla se phahameng sa lefu (ente e fumaneha).

5.Encephalitis ea Majapane

• Vekthara:Culex tritaeniorhynchus
• Matšoao: Encephalitis, sekgahla se phahameng sa lefu (se atileng haholo mahaeng a Asia).

(2) Mafu a Likokoana-hloko

1. Malaria
   • Sekokoana-hloko: Sekokoana-hloko sa malaria (Plasmodium falciparum ke sona se bolaeang ka ho fetisisa)
   • Matšoao: Ho bata nako le nako, feberu e phahameng, le khaello ea mali. Ho shoa batho ba ka bang 600,000 selemo le selemo.
2. Filariasis ea Lymphatic (Elephantiasis)
   
   • Sekokoana-hloko: Liboko tsa filarial (Wuchereria bancrofti,Brugia malayi)
   • Matšoao: Tšenyo ea li-lymphatic, e lebisang ho ruruha ha litho kapa litho tsa botona kapa botšehali.

III. Mokhoa oa ho thibela mafu a bakoang ke menoang?

1. Tšireletso ea Botho
   • Sebelisa sebolaya-menoang (se nang le DEET kapa picaridin).
   • Apara liaparo tse matsoho a malelele 'me u sebelise matlooa a menoang (haholo-holo a phekoloang ka chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e thibelang malaria).
   • Qoba ho tsoa nakong ea menoang (mantsiboea le mafube).
2. Taolo ea Tikoloho
   • Tlosa metsi a emeng (mohlala, ka lipitsa tsa lipalesa le lithaere) ho thibela ho ikatisa ha menoang.
   • Fafatsa meriana e bolaeang likokoanyana sechabeng sa heno kapa u sebelise taolo ea baeloji (mohlala, ho holisa litlhapi tsa menoang).
3. Ho enta
   • Meento ea feberu e mosehla le ea encephalitis ea Majapane ke lithibelo tse sebetsang.
   • Ente ea feberu ea dengue (Dengvaxia) e fumaneha linaheng tse ling, empa tšebeliso ea eona e lekanyelitsoe.

IV. Liphephetso tsa Lefatše ka Bophara Taolong ea Mafu

• Phetoho ea tlelaemete: Mafu a bakoang ke menoang a namela libakeng tse futhumetseng (mohlala, dengue Europe).
• Ho hanyetsa likokoanyana: Menoang e ntse e hola ho hanyetsa meriana e bolaeang likokoanyana e tloaelehileng.
• Meeli ea ente: Ente ea malaria (RTS,S) e na le katleho e itseng; ho hlokahala litharollo tse betere.

Qetello

Mafu a bakoang ke menoang a ntse a le kotsing e kholo ea bophelo bo botle lefatšeng ka bophara, haholo-holo libakeng tse chesang tse mongobo. Thibelo e atlehang—ka taolo ea menoang, ente le mehato ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba—e ka fokotsa tšoaetso haholo. Tšebelisano-'moho ea machaba, boqapi ba theknoloji le tlhokomeliso ea sechaba ke tsa bohlokoa ho loantšeng mafu ana nakong e tlang.

Bongaka ba BaysenKamehla e shebana le mokhoa oa ho hlahloba ho ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo. Re thehile li-platform tse 5 tsa theknoloji - Latex, colloidal gold, Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, Molecular, Chemiluminescence Immunoassay. Re na leTeko e potlakileng ea Den-NS1, Teko e potlakileng ea Den-IgG/IgM, Teko e potlakileng ea Dengue IgG/IgM-NS1 Combo, Teko e potlakileng ea Mal-PF, Teko e potlakileng ea Mal-PF/PV, Teko e potlakileng ea Mal-PF/PAN bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea pele ea mafu ana a tšoaetsanoang.