Mafu a tšoaetsanoang a fetisoang ke menoang: litšokelo le thibelo

Menang e har'a liphoofolo tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Ho loma ha tsona ho fetisa maloetse a mangata a bolaeang, a bolaeang batho ba likete tse makholo lefatšeng ka bophara selemo le selemo. Ho latela lipalo-palo, mafu a bakoang ke menoang (a kang malaria le feberu ea dengue) a tšoaetsa batho ba fetang limilione tse makholo, ’me a beha bophelo ba sechaba kotsing haholo. Sengoliloeng sena se tla hlahisa mafu a tšoaetsanoang a fetisoang ke menoang, mekhoa ea bona ea phetiso, le mehato ea thibelo le taolo.

I. Menoang e Hasa Mafu Joang?

Menang e fetisetsa likokoana-hloko (livaerase, likokoana-hloko, joalo-joalo) ho tloha ho batho kapa liphoofolong ho ea ho batho ba phelang hantle ka ho monya mali. Mokhoa oa phetisetso o kenyelletsa:

1. Ho longoa ke motho ea tšoaelitsoeng: Monoang o hema mali a nang le pathogen.
2. Katiso ea likokoana-hloko ka har'a monoang: Kokoana-hloko kapa kokoana-hloko e hlaha ka har'a monoang (mohlala, Plasmodium e qeta bophelo ba eona ka har'a monoang oa Anopheles).
3. Phetiso ho moamoheli e mocha: Ha monoang o loma hape, pathogen e kena 'meleng ka mathe.

Mefuta e fapaneng ea menoang e fetisa mafu a fapaneng, joalo ka:

• Aedes Egepeta– Dengue, Chikv, Zika, Yellow Fever
• Anopheles menoang– Malaria
• Menoang ea Culex- Kokoana ea West Nile, Encephalitis ea Japane

II. Mafu a Maholo a Tšoaetso ea Monoang

(1) Mafu a Bakuli

1. Feberu ea Dengue
   • Pathogenkokoana-hloko ea Dengue (4 serotypes)
   • Matšoao: Feberu e phahameng, hlooho e bohloko, bohloko ba mesifa; e ka 'na ea tsoela pele ho ba le mali a mangata kapa a tšohile.
   • Libaka tse sa tloaelehang: Libaka tsa tropike le tsa tropike (Asia Boroa-bochabela, Latin America).
2. Lefu la kokoana-hloko ea Zika
   • Kotsi: Tšoaetso ho bakhachane e ka baka microcephaly masea; e amanang le mathata a methapo ea kutlo.

3. Chikungunya Fever

• Lebaka: Kokoana-hloko ea Chikungunya (CHIKV)
• Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea menoang: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus
• Matšoao: Feberu e phahameng, bohloko bo matla ba manonyeletso (bo ka nkang likhoeli tse 'maloa).

4.Yellow Fever

• Matšoao: Feberu, jaundice, ho tsoa mali; sekhahla se phahameng sa ho shoa (ente e teng).

5.Encephalitis ea Japane

• Vector:Culex tritaeniorhynchus
• Matšoao: Encephalitis, tekanyo e phahameng ea batho ba shoang (e tloaelehileng libakeng tsa mahaeng tsa Asia).

(2) Mafu a Parasitic

1. Malaria
   • Pathogen: Parasite ea malaria (Plasmodium falciparum ke eona e bolaeang ka ho fetisisa)
   • Matšoao: Ho hatsela nako le nako, feberu e phahameng, le khaello ea mali. Hoo e ka bang mafu a 600,000 selemo le selemo.
2. Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis)
   
   • Pathogen: Liboko tsa filarial (Wuchereria bancrofti,Brugia malayi)
   • Matšoao: Tšenyo ea lymphatic, e lebisang ho ho ruruha ha setho sa botona kapa botšehali.

III. Joang ho thibela mafu a bakoang ke menoang?

1. Tšireletso ea Motho
   • Sebelisa se leleka menoang (e nang le DEET kapa picaridin).
   • Apara liaparo tsa matsoho a malelele ’me u sebelise matlooa a thibelang menoang (haholo-holo a phekoloang ka sebolaea-likokoanyana se thibelang malaria).
   • Qoba ho tsoa nakong ea menoang (mantsiboea le mafube).
2. Taolo ea Tikoloho
   • Tlosa metsi a emeng (mohlala, lipitseng tsa lipalesa le lithaere) ho thibela ho ikatisa ha menoang.
   • Fafatsa sebolaya dikokonyana motseng wa heno kapa o sebedise dibolaya dikokwana-hloko (mohlala, ho rua dihlapi tsa menoang).
3. Ente
   • Liente tsa yellow fever le Japanese encephalitis ke lithibelo tse sebetsang hantle.
   • Ente ea dengue fever (Dengvaxia) e fumaneha linaheng tse ling, empa tšebeliso ea eona e lekanyelitsoe.

IV. Mathata a Lefatše Lohle Taolong ea Mafu

• Phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo: Mafu a bakoang ke menoang a namela libakeng tse futhumetseng (mohlala, dengue Europe).
• Ho hanyetsa likokoanyana: Menoang e ntse e tsoela pele ho hanyetsa chefo e tloaelehileng ea likokoanyana.
• Meeli ea ente: Ente ea malaria (RTS,S) e na le tšebetso e itseng; ho hlokahala litharollo tse molemonyana.

Qetello

Mafu a bakoang ke menoang e ntse e le tšokelo e kholo ea bophelo bo botle lefatšeng ka bophara, haholo-holo libakeng tsa tropike. Thibelo e atlehang—ka taolo ea menoang, ente le mehato ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba—e ka fokotsa tšoaetso haholo. Tšebelisano-'moho ea machaba, mekhoa e mecha ea theknoloji, le tlhokomeliso ea sechaba ke senotlolo sa ho loantša mafu ana nakong e tlang.

Baysen Medicale lula e shebane le mokhoa oa ho hlahloba ho ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo. Re thehile li-platform tsa theknoloji tse 5- Latex, colloidal gold, Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, Molecular,Chemiluminescence Immunoassay.Re na leDen-NS1 Teko e potlakileng, Teko e potlakileng ea Den-IgG/IgM, Dengue IgG/IgM-NS1 Combo teko e potlakileng, Teko e potlakileng ea Mal-PF, Teko e potlakileng ea Mal-PF/PV, Mal-PF/PAN Teko e potlakileng bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea kapele ea mafu ana a tšoaetsanoang .