ILONDON | EGENEVA – Njengoko amazinga esifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi kwihlabathi liphela eqhubeka enyuka, iingcali ze-nephrologists ziya zijika ziye kwi-biomarker ebukhali eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Urinary Albumin (ALB) ukuze zibone umonakalo wezintso kwiminyaka ngaphambi kokuba uvavanyo lwendabuko lungaphumeleli. Iingcali zonyango ngoku zifuna ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, rhoqo kovavanyo lwe-ALB kwiindawo zokhathalelo lokuqala ukuze kuthintelwe ubhubhane olungabonakaliyo lweSifo sezintso ezingapheliyo (CKD).

I-albumin yomchamo ibhekisa ekubeni kukho iproteni ye-albumin kumchamo. Kwizintso eziphilileyo, i-glomeruli isebenza njengesihluzo esiphucukileyo, igcina iiproteni ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-albumin egazini. Nangona kunjalo, xa lo mqobo wokucoca wonakele—ngokufuthi luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye iswekile yegazi ephezulu—i-albumin ivuza kumchamo. Nokuba yimali encinci ibonisa inqanaba lokuqala lesifo sezintso, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-microalbuminuria.

“Uvavanyo lwegazi lwendabuko lwe-creatinine lunyuka kuphela emva kokuba i-50% yomsebenzi wezintso ulahlekile,” ucacisa uGqr. Helen Marquez, ingcali yezintso kwi-European Kidney Health Institute. “Uvavanyo lwe-ALB, ngokwahlukileyo, lusebenza njengesilumkiso somsi. Lubona ukuvuza okuncinci xa umonakalo usakwazi ukutshintshwa. Kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi, eli lithuba lokusindisa ubomi.”

Uvavanyo lwe-ALB ludla ngokwenziwa njengomlinganiselo we-albumin-to-creatinine urine (UACR) kwisampuli enye yomchamo engacwangciswanga, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingangenisi gazi kwaye ingabizi kakhulu. Ngokungafaniyo nokuqokelelwa komchamo iiyure ezingama-24, i-UACR ilungisa uxinano lomchamo, inika iziphumo ezichanekileyo ngoko nangoko. Izikhokelo zonyango zangoku zicebisa ukuba bonke abantu abanesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu bavavanywe ubuncinane ngonyaka.

Izifundo ezinkulu zakutshanje zikwatyhile ukuba i-Urinary Albumin ayisiyonto nje yokubonisa isifo sezintso kodwa ikwayindlela enamandla yokuxela umngcipheko wentliziyo. Amanqanaba aphezulu anxulumene kakhulu nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo, nakubantu abangenaso isifo seswekile. Olu phawu luphindwe kabini luye lwabangela ukuba iingcali zentliziyo zamkele uvavanyo lwe-ALB njengenxalenye yovavanyo lwentliziyo oluqhelekileyo.

Nangona ixabiso layo liqinisekisiwe, amazinga okuhlolwa ahlala ephantsi ngendlela eyoyikisayo. Uphando lwehlabathi olupapashwe kwinyanga ephelileyo kwi *The Lancet Nephrology* lufumanise ukuba ngaphantsi kwama-30% ezigulana ezisengozini zifumana uvavanyo lwe-albuminuria lonyaka. Imiqobo ibandakanya ukungazi kakuhle phakathi koogqirha abaqhelekileyo kunye nenyaniso yokuba i-CKD yasekuqaleni ayibangeli zimpawu.

“Asinakuthembela kwindlela esivakalelwa ngayo isigulana,” utshilo uGqr. Marquez. “Xa kuvela ukudumba okanye ukudinwa, umonakalo wezintso uhlala ungalungiseki. Kufuneka senze uvavanyo lwe-ALB lube yinto eqhelekileyo njengokujonga uxinzelelo lwegazi.”

Iinkqubo zempilo e-UK naseJamani ngoku zizama izilumkiso ezizenzekelayo kwiirekhodi zempilo ze-elektroniki ukukhumbuza oogqirha ukuba ba-odole uvavanyo lwe-UACR kwizigulana ezifanelekileyo. Okwangoku, izixhobo ezintsha zokhathalelo ezikwaziyo ukunika iziphumo ze-ALB ngemizuzu zisetyenziswa kwiikliniki zoluntu.

Kwizigidi zabantu abaphila nesifo sezintso esingathethiyo, uvavanyo olulula lomchamo lwe-albumin lunika ithemba elihle lokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuphepha i-dialysis. Njengoko iiphulo zempilo yoluntu zisanda, umyalezo ucacile: jonga umchamo, khusela izintso.

Thina oogqirha baseBaysen singabonelelaIkhithi yovavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-ALBukuze ufumane isidima kwangethuba. Wamkelekile ukuba unxibelelane nathi ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe.