Isishwankathelo seNtsholongwane yeChikungunya (CHIKV)

Intsholongwane yeChikungunya (CHIKV) yintsholongwane ethwalwa ziingcongconi ebangela ikakhulu umkhuhlane weChikungunya. Oku kulandelayo sisishwankathelo esineenkcukacha ngentsholongwane:

1. Iimpawu zentsholongwane

• Udidi: LulolwaI-Togaviridaeusapho, uhloboI-Alphavirus.
• I-Genome: Intsholongwane ye-RNA enemicu eyodwa enemicu eyodwa.
• Iindlela zokudlulisela: Idluliselwa kakhulu yi-Aedes aegypti kunye ne-Aedes albopictus, ii-vectors ezifanayo neentsholongwane ze-dengue kunye ne-Zika.

• Iindawo ezixhaphakileyo: Iindawo ezikwitropiki nezikwiitropiki eAfrika, eAsia, eMelika, nakwiziqithi zoLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya.

2. Ukusebenza kweklinikhi

• Ixesha lokufukama: Ngokwesiqhelo iintsuku ezi-3–7.
• Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo:
  • Umkhuhlane ophezulu ngequbuliso (>39°C).
  • Intlungu ebuhlungu yamalungu (ikakhulu ichaphazela izandla, izihlathi, amadolo, njl.njl.), enokuhlala iiveki ukuya kwiinyanga.
  • Ukurhawuzelela kwe-maculopapular (okuqheleke kakhulu esiqwini nasemalungeni).
  • Intlungu yemisipha, intloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu.
• Iimpawu ezingapheliyo: Malunga ne-30%-40% yezigulana ziba neentlungu zamalungu ezingapheliyo, ezinokuhlala iinyanga okanye iminyaka.
• Umngcipheko wokugula kakhulu: Iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, abantu abadala kunye nezigulane ezinezifo ezingapheliyo zinokuba neengxaki zemithambo-luvo (ezifana ne-meningitis) okanye ukufa, kodwa izinga lokufa lilonke liphantsi (<1%).

3. Uxilongo kunye nonyango

• Iindlela zokuxilonga:
  • Uvavanyo lwe-Serological: Ii-antibodies ze-IgM/IgG (zibonakala emva kweentsuku ezi-5 emva kokuqala).
  • Uvavanyo lweMolekyuli: RT-PCR (ukufunyanwa kwe-RNA yentsholongwane kwisigaba esibukhali).
  • Imfuneko yokwahlula kwii-dengue umkhuhlane, intsholongwane kaZika, njl. njl. (iimpawu ezifanayo)
• Unyango:
  • Akukho chiza lithile lokulwa neentsholongwane, kwaye unyango oluphambili luxhasa ngeempawu:
    • Ukuphelisa iintlungu/umkhuhlane (thintela i-aspirin ngenxa yomngcipheko wokopha).
    • Ukucoca umzimba nokuphumla.
    • Iintlungu ezingapheliyo zamalungu zingadinga amayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala okanye i-physiotherapy.

4. Amanyathelo okuthintela

• Ulawulo lweMibu:
  • Sebenzisa ii-mother net kunye nezinto zokugxotha iingcongconi (kuquka i-DEET, i-picaridin, njl.njl.).
  • Susa amanzi angashukumiyo (nciphisa iindawo zokuzalela kweengcongconi).
• Icebiso lokuhamba: Thatha amanyathelo okhuseleko xa usiya kwiindawo ezixhaphakileyo kwaye unxibe impahla enemikhono emide.
• Uphuhliso lwegonyo: Ukusukela ngo-2023, akukho gonyo lorhwebo liqalisiweyo, kodwa ezinye gonyo ezifunekayo zikwizilingo zeklinikhi (ezifana negonyo ezifana neentsholongwane).

5. Ukubaluleka kweMpilo yoLuntu

• Umngcipheko Wokuqhambuka Kwesifo: Ngenxa yokusasazeka ngokubanzi kweengcongconi ze-Aedes kunye nokufudumala kwemozulu, ububanzi bokusasazeka kwesifo bunokwanda.
• Ubhubhane wehlabathi: Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuqhambuka kwesifo kuye kwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi kwiCaribbean, eMzantsi Asia (ezifana neIndiya nePakistan) kunye neAfrika.

6. Umahluko ophambili kwiI-DengueIfiva

• Ukufana: Zombini zidluliselwa yingcongconi i-Aedes kwaye zineempawu ezifanayo (umkhuhlane, ukurhawuzelela).
• Umahluko: I-Chikungunya ibonakala ngentlungu eqatha yamalungu, ngelixai-denguekusenokwenzeka ukuba kubangele ukopha okanye ukothuka.

Isiphelo:

I-Baysen Medical isoloko igxile kwindlela yokuxilonga ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Siphuhlise amaqonga obuchwephesha ama-5- iLatex, igolide ye-colloidal, uvavanyo lwe-Fluorescence Immunochromatographic, i-Molecular, i-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay. Sikwagxile ekuvavanyweni kwezifo ezosulelayo, sinazoUvavanyo olukhawulezayo lweDengue NSI,Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lweDengue IgG/IgM, Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-Dengue NSI kunye ne-IgG/IgM