Izifo ezosulelayo ezithwalwa ziingcongconi: izoyikiso kunye nothintelo

Iingcongconi ziphakathi kwezona zilwanyana ziyingozi ehlabathini. Ukulunywa kwabo kusasaza izifo ezininzi ezibulalayo, ezikhokelela ekufeni kwamakhulu amawaka kwihlabathi liphela nyaka ngamnye. Ngokutsho kwamanani, izifo ezisasazwa ziingcongconi (ezifana nesifo seengcongconi nedengue fever) zithwaxa abantu abangamakhulu ezigidi, nto leyo eyingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yoluntu. Eli nqaku liza kwazisa ezona zifo ziphambili zosulelo lwengcongconi, iindlela zabo zosulelo, kunye namanyathelo okuthintela nokulawula.

I. Iingcongconi Zisasaza Njani Izifo?

Iingcongconi zisasaza iintsholongwane (iintsholongwane, izifunxi-gazi, njl. njl.) zisuka kubantu okanye kwizilwanyana ezosulelekileyo ziye kubantu abasempilweni ngokufunxa igazi. Inkqubo yothumelo ibandakanya:

1. Ukulunywa ngumntu owosulelekileyo: Ingcongconi iphefumla igazi elinentsholongwane.
2. Ukuphindaphindeka kwe-pathogen ngaphakathi kwengcongconi: Intsholongwane okanye isifunxi-gazi sikhula ngaphakathi kwingcongconi (umzekelo, iPlasmodium igqibezela umjikelo wobomi bayo ngaphakathi kwengcongconi i-Anopheles).
3. Ukudluliselwa kumamkeli omtsha: Xa ingcongconi iphinda iluma, intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni ngamathe.

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengcongconi zisasaza izifo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nezi:

• Aedes yaseYiputa– Dengue, Chikv, Zika, Yellow Fever
• Iingcongconi ze-Anopheles– Isifo seengcongconi
• Iingcongconi zeCulex-Intsholongwane yaseWest Nile, iJapan Encephalitis

II. Izifo ezosulelayo eziKhuselekileyo kwiMosquito-Borne

(1) Izifo zeNtsholongwane

1. Umkhuhlane weDengue
   • Pathogen: Intsholongwane yeDengue (4 serotypes)
   • Iimpawu: Umkhuhlane ophezulu, intloko ebuhlungu, intlungu yemisipha; inokuqhubela phambili ekuphumeni kwegazi okanye ukothuka.
   • Imimandla engapheliyo: Iindawo ezitshisayo kunye neendawo ezitshisayo (i-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, i-Latin America).
2. Izifo zeZika Virus
   • Umngcipheko: Usulelo kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo lunokubangela i-microcephaly kwiintsana; ezinxulumene nokuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo.

3. Chikungunya Fever

• Unobangela: Intsholongwane yeChikungunya (CHIKV)
• Iintlobo zeengcongconi eziphambili: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus
• Iimpawu: Umkhuhlane ophezulu, intlungu edibeneyo (enokuthi ihlale iinyanga ezininzi).

4.Umkhuhlane oMthubi

• Iimpawu: Umkhuhlane, i-jaundice, ukopha; izinga eliphezulu lokufa (isitofu sokugonya siyafumaneka).

5.Encephalitis yaseJapan

• IVector:Culex tritaeniorhynchus
• Iimpawu: I-Encephalitis, izinga eliphezulu lokufa (liqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni zase-Asiya).

(2) Izifo zeParasitic

1. Isifo seengcongconi
   • Pathogen: I-Malaria parasite (iPlasmodium falciparum yeyona ibulalayo)
   • Iimpawu: Ukugodola rhoqo, umkhuhlane ophezulu, kunye ne-anemia. Bamalunga nama-600,000 abafayo ngonyaka.
2. I-Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis)
   
   • Pathogen: Iintshulube zeFilarial (Wuchereria bancrofti,Brugia malayi)
   • Iimpawu: Umonakalo we-lymphatic, okhokelela kwisigxina okanye ukudumba kwesini.

III. Indlela yokuthintela izifo ezithwalwa ziingcongconi?

1. Ukhuseleko lomntu
   • Sebenzisa into yokugxotha iingcongconi (equlethe i-DEET okanye i-picaridin).
   • Nxiba impahla enemikhono emide kwaye usebenzise nenethi zengcongconi (ingakumbi ezo zinyangwa ngesibulali-zinambuzane esilwa nemalariya).
   • Kuphephe ukuphuma ngexesha lengcongconi (ngokutshona kwelanga nasekuseni).
2. Ulawulo lokusingqongileyo
   • Susa amanzi amileyo (umzekelo, kwiimbiza zeentyatyambo kunye namatayara) ukuthintela ukuzala kweengcongconi.
   • Tshiza amayeza okubulala izinambuzane kwindawo ohlala kuyo okanye usebenzise ulawulo lwebhayoloji (umzekelo, ukukhulisa iintlanzi zeengcongconi).
3. Ugonyo
   • I-Yellow fever kunye nezitofu zokugonya ze-encephalitis zaseJapan ziluthintelo olusebenzayo.
   • Ugonyo lweDengue fever (Dengvaxia) luyafumaneka kwamanye amazwe, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwalo kulinganiselwe.

IV. Imingeni yeHlabathi kuLawulo lweZifo

• Imo iyatshintsha: Izifo ezithwalwa ziingcongconi zisasazeka kwimimandla enemozulu epholileyo (umzekelo, idengue eYurophu).
• Ukumelana namayeza ezinambuzane: Iingcongconi ziphuhlisa ukuxhathisa kwizinambuzane eziqhelekileyo.
• Unyino lwesitofu: Isitofu sokugonya isifo seengcongconi (RTS,S) sisebenza ngokuyinxenye; Izisombululo ezingcono ziyafuneka.

Ukuqukumbela

Izifo ezithwalwa ziingcongconi zisengowona mngcipheko mkhulu wezempilo kwihlabathi, ngakumbi kwimimandla etshisayo. Uthintelo olusebenzayo-ngokuthintela iingcongconi, ugonyo, kunye nemilinganiselo yempilo yoluntu-kunokunciphisa kakhulu usulelo. Intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe, ukusungulwa kweteknoloji, kunye nokwazisa uluntu ngundoqo ekulweni ezi zifo kwixesha elizayo.

Baysen Medicalisoloko igxile kubuchule bokuxilonga ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi . Siphuhlise amaqonga obuchwepheshe ama-5- iLatex, igolide ye-colloidal, iFluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, iMolekyuli, iChemiluminescence Immunoassay.SinayoDen-NS1 Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo, Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lweDen-IgG/IgM, Uvavanyo lweDengue IgG/IgM-NS1 Combo olukhawulezayo, Uvavanyo oluKhawulezayo lwe-Mal-PF, Mal-PF/PV Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo, Mal-PF/PAN Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo ukuze kuhlolwe kwangethuba ezi zifo zasulelayo .