UkuqondaI-typhoidUmkhuhlane: Iimpawu, Ukudluliselwa, kunye namaqhinga ovavanyo lwe-Serological

Umkhuhlane weTyphoid sisifo esosulelayo samathumbu esibangelwa yiSalmonella Typhi. Sidluliselwa ngokutya okanye ngamanzi angcolileyo kwaye sixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezineendawo zococeko oluphantsi. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka umkhuhlane ongapheliyo, iintlungu zesisu, irhashalala yeroseola, i-bradycardia, kunye ne-hepatosplenomegaly. Amatyala aqatha anokubangela ukugqobhoka kwamathumbu okanye ukopha, kwaye anokubeka ubomi esichengeni. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nokungenelela kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo kunye nokunciphisa ukufa, kwaye uvavanyo lwe-serological ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo.

Iindlela zothumelo kunye neendawo ezixhaphakileyo

I-typhoidUmkhuhlane udluliselwa kakhulu ngendlela yelindle-yomlomo. Indle yabantu okanye abathwali bawo banenani elikhulu leebhaktheriya, ezinokungcolisa amanzi okanye ukutya, nto leyo enokosulela abanye. Esi sifo sisasazeke kumazwe asakhasayo afana ne-Afrika, iMzantsi Asia, kunye ne-Southeast Asia, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezineziseko zococeko ezibuthathaka kunye nokufikelela okunganelanga kumanzi okusela acocekileyo. Abahambi abaya kwiindawo ezinobungozi nabo basengozini yosulelo ukuba abathathi amanyathelo afanelekileyo okhuseleko.

Iiprotokholi zovavanyo lwe-serological zeisifo seengcongconiifiva

Ukuxilongwa kwangethuba kwesifoisifo seengcongconi Umkhuhlane unzima, njengoko iimpawu zawo zihlala zifana nezezinye izifo ezibangelwa ngumkhuhlane, ezifanaimalariya kwayei-dengue umkhuhlane. Inkcubeko yegazi yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokuqinisekisaityphoid fever, kodwa le ndlela ithatha ixesha elide (idla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezininzi), kwaye uvakalelo lwayo luchaphazeleka zizinto ezifana nexesha lokuqokelela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics. Ke ngoko, uvavanyo lwe-serological lusetyenziswa kakhulu njengesixhobo esongezelelweyo sokuxilonga ngenxa yokukhawuleza kwayo kunye nokulula kwayo.

1. Uvavanyo olubanzi
   Uvavanyo lweWidal luvavanyo lwe-serological lwendabuko lomkhuhlane we-typhoid, olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ii-antibody titers ngokuchasene ne-O (i-somatic antigen) kunye ne-H (i-flagellar antigen) kwi-serum yesigulane. Amanqanaba e-antibody adla ngokuqala ukunyuka malunga neveki emva kokuba iimpawu ziqalile.
   • Imfuneko yokusebenza: Iisampuli ze-serum ezidityanisiweyo ezivela kwisigaba sokuqina kunye nesokuphila ziyafuneka. Ukwanda okuphindwe kane okanye ngaphezulu kwe-antibody titer kuthathwa njengokubalulekileyo ngokwesifo.
   • Imida: Uvavanyo alunazo iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo kwaye lunokuvelisa iziphumo ezingezizo (umz., ngenxa yokugonywa kwangaphambili okanye usulelo oluvela kwezinye izinto).I-Salmonellaii-serotypes). Ikwanayo nobuthathaka obuncinci kwizigaba zokuqala zesifo.
2. Uvavanyo lwe-Immunosorbent oluDityaniswe ne-Enzyme (ELISA)
   Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iteknoloji ye-ELISA isetyenziswa kakhulu ukufumanisa ii-antibodies ezithile ze-typhoid (ezifana ne-anti-Vi antigen IgG kunye ne-IgM), ezibonelela ngobuntununtunu obuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka.
   • Iingenelo: Ingahlula usulelo olukhawulezileyo (olune-IgM) kolosulelo lwangaphambili okanye imeko yokuthwala (olune-IgG). Isampuli enye yeserum inokubonelela ngesiphumo sesalathiso, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokuxilonga.
   • Ukusetyenziswa: Ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezinezibonelelo zonyango ezimbalwa okanye njengesixhobo sokuhlola ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuqhambuka kobhubhane.
3. Ezinye iindlela zovavanyo olukhawulezayo
   Izixhobo zovavanyo ezikhawulezayo ezifana novavanyo lwe-colloidal gold immunochromatographic nazo zisetyenzisiwe, ezinokubonelela ngeziphumo zokuqala kwimizuzu eli-15-20 kwaye zifanelekile kumaziko okhathalelo oluphambili kunye nokuhlolwa kwindawo.

Nangona uvavanyo lwe-serological luneengenelo zokuba lukhawuleze kwaye lube lula, iziphumo zalo kufuneka zigwetywe ngokupheleleyo kunye neempawu zeklinikhi zesigulana, imbali ye-epidemiological, kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zelebhu (ezifana nenkcubeko yegazi kunye novavanyo lweemolekyuli ze-PCR) ukuze kuthintelwe ukuxilongwa gwenxa.

Uthintelo kunye noNyango

Iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuthintelaisifo seengcongconiumkhuhlane kukugcina ucoceko lomntu, ukusela amanzi akhuselekileyo, kunye nokugonyelwaisifo seengcongconiUmkhuhlane. Nje ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba unesifo, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kufuneka asetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza ukuze kunyangwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda kweentlobo ezinganyangekiyo ngamayeza kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuzise imingeni emitsha kunyango lwezonyango.

Isishwankathelo,isifo seengcongconi Umkhuhlane uyaqhubeka usongela impilo yoluntu kwiindawo ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela. Uvavanyo lwe-serological, njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuxilonga esincedisayo, kulindeleke ukuba luphucule ngakumbi izinga lokuxilonga kwangethubaisifo seengcongconi umkhuhlane ngenkxaso yetekhnoloji ephuculiweyo rhoqo, enika inkxaso yokulawula ngempumelelo ukudluliselwa kwezifo.

I-Baysen MedicalSisoloko sigxile kwindlela yokuxilonga ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Siphuhlise amaqonga obuchwephesha ama-5- iLatex, igolide ye-colloidal, uvavanyo lwe-Fluorescence Immunochromatographic, i-Molecular, i-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay. Uvavanyo lweTyphoid IgG/Igm olukhawulezayo ukuze kuhlolwe ukwenzakala kwezintso kwinqanaba lokuqala.