Umbutho phakathi kweGut Inflammation, ukuguga, kunye ne-Alzheimer's Disease Pathology

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-gut microbiota kunye nezifo ze-neurological ziye zaba yindawo yophando. Ubungqina obuninzi bubonisa ukuba ukudumba kwamathumbu (okufana nokuvuza kwamathumbu kunye ne-dysbiosis) kunokuchaphazela ukuqhubela phambili kwezifo ze-neurodeergenerative, ngakumbi isifo se-Alzheimer's (AD), ngokusebenzisa "i-gut-brain axis". Eli nqaku liphonononga indlela ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu emathunjini okunyuka ngayo kunye nobudala kwaye kuphonononga ukudibanisa kwayo kunye ne-AD pathology (efana ne-β-amyloid deposition kunye neuroinflammation), ukubonelela ngeengcamango ezintsha zokungenelela kwangaphambili kwe-AD.

1. Intshayelelo

Isifo se-Alzheimer's (AD) sesona siqhelo sixhaphakileyo se-neurodeergenerative disorder, esibonakaliswa ngamacwecwe e-β-amyloid (Aβ) kunye ne-hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Nangona iimeko zemfuza (umzekelo, i-APOE4) ziyimingcipheko emikhulu ye-AD, iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo (umzekelo, ukutya, impilo yamathumbu) zinokuba negalelo ekuqhubeleni phambili kwe-AD ngokukrala okungapheliyo. Amathumbu, njengelona lungu lomzimba elikhulu lokuzikhusela, unokuchaphazela impilo yengqondo ngeendlela ezininzi, ngakumbi ngexesha lokuguga.

2. Ukudumba kwamathumbu kunye nokuguga

2.1 Ukuhla okunxulumene nobudala kumsebenzi wokuthintelwa kwamathumbu emathunjini
Ngobudala, ingqibelelo yesithintelo samathumbu iyancipha, ekhokelela "kwi-gut evuzayo", ivumela i-metabolites yebhaktheriya (njenge-lipopolysaccharide, i-LPS) ukuba ingene kwi-blood circulation, ibangele ukuvuvukala kwe-systemic low-grade. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukuhlukahluka kwamathumbu emathunjini kubantu abadala kuncipha, iibhaktheriya ezivuthayo (ezifana neProteobacteria) zanda, kunye neebhaktheriya ezichasayo (ezifana ne-Bifidobacterium) ziyancipha, ziqhubela phambili ukuphendula okuvuthayo.

2.2 Imiba yokukrala nokuguga
Ukuvuvukala okungapheliyo okuphantsi ("ukuguga okuvuthayo", Ukuvutha) yinto ebalulekileyo yokuguga. Izinto ezivuthayo zamathumbu (ezifanaI-IL-6, TNF-α) inokungena kwingqondo ngokujikeleza kwegazi, isebenze i-microglia, ikhuthaze i-neuroinflammation, kwaye ikhawuleze inkqubo ye-pathological ye-AD.

kunye nokukhuthaza i-neuroinflammation, ngaloo ndlela ikhawulezisa i-AD pathology.

3. Ikhonkco phakathi kweGut Inflammation kunye ne-Alzheimer's Disease Pathology

3.1 I-Gut Dysbiosis kunye ne-Aβ Deposition

Iimodeli zezilwanyana zibonise ukuba ukuphazamiseka kweentyantyambo zamathumbu kunokunyusa ukubekwa kwe-Aβ. Umzekelo, iimpuku eziphathwe ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ziye zanciphisa amacwecwe e-Aβ, ngelixa amanqanaba e-Aβ anyuswa kwiimpuku ezine-dysbiosis. I-metabolites ethile yebhaktheriya (efana ne-short-chain fatty acids, i-SCFAs) inokuchaphazela ukukhutshwa kwe-Aβ ngokulawula umsebenzi we-microglial.

3.2 I-Gut-Brain Axis kunye ne-Neuroinflammation

Ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu kunokuchaphazela ingqondo nge-vagal, amajoni omzimba, kunye neendlela ze-metabolic:

• Indlela yeVagal: imiqondiso yokuvuvukala emathunjini idluliselwa nge-vagus nerve ukuya kwi-CNS, echaphazela i-hippocampal kunye ne-prefrontal cortex function.
• Ukuvuvukala kwenkqubo: Amacandelo ebhaktheriya afana ne-LPS asebenze i-microglia kwaye akhuthaze i-neuroinflammation, i-exacerbating tau pathology kunye nomonakalo we-neuronal.
• Imiphumo ye-Metabolic: i-dysbiosis ye-gut inokuchaphazela i-tryptophan metabolism, ekhokelela ekungalinganini kwi-neurotransmitters (umzekelo, i-5-HT) kunye nokuchaphazela umsebenzi wokuqonda.

3.3 Ubungqina bezonyango

• Izigulana ezine-AD zinokwakheka okwahluke kakhulu kwezityalo zamathumbu kunabantu abadala abasempilweni, umzekelo, umlinganiselo ongaqhelekanga we-Thick-walled phylum/Antibacterial phylum.
• Amanqanaba egazi e-LPS anxulunyaniswa ngokuqinisekileyo nobunzima be-AD.
• Ungenelelo lweProbiotic (umzekelo, i-Bifidobacterium bifidum) yehlisa ukubekwa kwe-Aβ kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo kwiimodeli zezilwanyana.

4. IziCwangciso zoNgenelelo ezinokubakho

Ukuguqulwa kokutya: i-fiber ephezulu, ukutya kweMedithera kunokukhuthaza ukukhula kweebhaktheriya ezincedo kunye nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala.

1. Iiprobiotics / Prebiotics: ukuxhaswa kunye neentlobo ezithile zeebhaktheriya (umzekelo, iLactobacillus, iBifidobacterium) inokuphucula umsebenzi wokuthintela amathumbu.
2. Unyango oluchasene nokudumba: amayeza ajolise ekudumbeni kwamathumbu (umzekelo, i-TLR4 inhibitors) anokucothisa ukuqhubeka kweAD.
3. Ukungenelela kwendlela yokuphila: umthambo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunokugcina ibhalansi yeflora yamathumbu

5. Isiphelo kunye neeNjongo zexesha elizayo

Ukudumba kwamathumbu kuyanda ngokukhula kwaye kunokuba negalelo kwi-AD pathology ngokusebenzisa i-axis ye-gut-brain. Izifundo zexesha elizayo kufuneka zicacise ngakumbi ubudlelwane be-causal phakathi kweflora ethile kunye ne-AD kunye nokuphonononga uthintelo lwe-AD kunye nezicwangciso zonyango ezisekelwe kummiselo weflora yamathumbu. Uphando kule ndawo lunokubonelela ngeethagethi ezintsha zokungenelela kwangaphambili kwizifo ze-neurodeergenerative.

I-Xiamen Baysen Medical We Baysen Medical isoloko igxile kwindlela yokuxilonga ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Siphuhlise amaqonga obuchwepheshe ama-5- iLatex, igolide ye-colloidal, iFluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, iMolekyuli, iChemiluminescence Immunoassay. Sigxila kwimpilo yamathumbu, kunye neyethuUvavanyo lwe-CAL isetyenziselwa ukubona ukudumba emathunjini.

IiReferensi :

1. Vogt, NM, et al. (2017). "Utshintsho lweGut microbiome kwisifo sika-Alzheimer."IiNgxelo zeNzululwazi.
2. UDodiya, HB, et al. (2020). "Ukudumba okungapheliyo kwamathumbu kwandisa i-tau pathology kwimodeli ye-mouse ye-Alzheimer's disease."Inzululwazi ye-Neuroscience.
3. Franceschi, C., et al. (2018). "Ukudumba: umbono omtsha we-immune-metabolic wezifo ezinxulumene neminyaka."Uphononongo lweNdalo kwi-Endocrinology.