Ubudlelwane Phakathi Kokudumba Kwamathumbu, Ukwaluphala, kunye Nezifo Ze-Alzheimer's

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-gut microbiota kunye nezifo ze-neurological bube yindawo ephambili yophando. Ubungqina obuninzi bubonisa ukuba ukudumba kwamathumbu (okufana nokuvuza kwamathumbu kunye ne-dysbiosis) kunokuchaphazela ukuqhubela phambili kwezifo ze-neurodegenerative, ingakumbi isifo se-Alzheimer (AD), ngokusebenzisa "i-gut-brain axis". Eli nqaku liphonononga indlela ukudumba kwamathumbu okwanda ngayo ngokukhula kwaye liphonononga unxulumano olunokwenzeka ne-AD pathology (efana ne-β-amyloid deposition kunye ne-neuroinflammation), libonelela ngeengcinga ezintsha zokungenelela kwangoko kwe-AD.

1. Intshayelelo

Isifo sika-Alzheimer (AD) sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo se-neurodegenerative disorder, esibonakaliswa zii-β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques kunye ne-hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Nangona izinto zemfuza (umz., i-APOE4) zizinto eziphambili ezibangela umngcipheko we-AD, iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo (umz., ukutya, impilo yamathumbu) zinokuba negalelo ekuqhubekeni kwe-AD ngokudumba okungapheliyo. Amathumbu, njengelungu elikhulu lomzimba lokuzikhusela, anokuchaphazela impilo yengqondo ngeendlela ezininzi, ingakumbi ngexesha lokwaluphala.

2. Ukudumba kwamathumbu kunye nokwaluphala

2.1 Ukwehla komsebenzi wokuthintela amathumbu okunxulumene nobudala
Njengoko ukhula, ukuthembeka komqobo wamathumbu kuyehla, okukhokelela "ekuphumeni kwamathumbu", okuvumela ii-metabolites zebhaktiriya (ezifana ne-lipopolysaccharide, i-LPS) ukuba zingene egazini, nto leyo ebangela ukudumba okuphantsi. Izifundo zibonise ukuba ulwahlulo lwezityalo zamathumbu kubantu abadala luyancipha, iibhaktiriya ezibangela ukudumba (ezifana neProteobacteria) ziyanda, kwaye iibhaktiriya ezilwa nokudumba (ezifana neBifidobacterium) ziyancipha, nto leyo ebangela ukuba impendulo yokudumba ibe mandundu ngakumbi.

2.2 Izinto ezibangela ukudumba kunye nokwaluphala
Ukudumba okungapheliyo okukumgangatho ophantsi ("ukuguga okudumbayo", Ukudumba) luphawu olubalulekileyo lokwaluphala. Izinto ezidumbayo zamathumbu (ezifanaIL-6, i-TNF-α) inokungena ebuchotsheni ngokujikeleza kwegazi, isebenze i-microglia, ikhuthaze ukudumba kwe-neuroinflammation, kwaye ikhawulezise inkqubo ye-pathological ye-AD.

kunye nokukhuthaza ukudumba kwemithambo-luvo, ngaloo ndlela kukhawuleziswe i-AD pathology.

3. Unxibelelwano Phakathi Kokudumba Kwamathumbu kunye Nesifo Se-Alzheimer's

3.1 I-Gut Dysbiosis kunye ne-Aβ Deposition

Iimodeli zezilwanyana zibonise ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwezityalo zamathumbu kunokunyusa ukubekwa kwe-Aβ. Umzekelo, iimpuku ezinyangwe ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ziye zanciphisa ii-Aβ plaques, ngelixa amanqanaba e-Aβ enyuka kwiimpuku ezine-dysbiosis. Ezinye ii-metabolites zebhaktheriya (ezifana nee-short-chain fatty acids, ii-SCFAs) zinokuchaphazela ukususwa kwe-Aβ ngokulawula ukusebenza kwe-microglial.

3.2 I-Axis yeButhumbu kunye noBuchopho kunye nokudumba kweNeuroinflammation

Ukudumba kwamathumbu kunokuchaphazela ingqondo ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuzala, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, kunye neendlela ze-metabolic:

• Indlela yeVagal: Iimpawu zokudumba kwamathumbu zidluliselwa nge-vagus nerve ukuya kwi-CNS, nto leyo echaphazela umsebenzi we-hippocampal kunye ne-prefrontal cortex.
• Ukudumba okubangelwa yinkqubo: Izinto ezibangela iintsholongwane ezifana ne-LPS zivuselela i-microglia kwaye zikhuthaza ukudumba kwe-neuroinflammation, zibangela ukwanda kwe-tau pathology kunye nomonakalo we-neuronal.
• Iziphumo zemetabolism: i-gut dysbiosis inokuchaphazela imetabolism ye-tryptophan, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungalinganini kwii-neurotransmitters (umz., 5-HT) kwaye ichaphazele ukusebenza kwengqondo.

3.3 Ubungqina bezonyango

• Izigulana ezine-AD zinokwakheka okwahlukileyo kakhulu kwezityalo zamathumbu kubantu abadala abasempilweni, umz., umlinganiselo ongaqhelekanga we-Thick-walled phylum/Antibacterial phylum.
• Amanqanaba egazi e-LPS anxulumene kakuhle nobunzima be-AD.
• Ukungenelela kweprobiotic (umz. iBifidobacterium bifidum) kunciphisa ukubekwa kwe-Aβ kwaye kuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo kwiimodeli zezilwanyana.

4. Amaqhinga okungenelela anokubakho

Utshintsho kwindlela yokutya: ukutya okunefayibha eninzi, okuseMeditera kunokukhuthaza ukukhula kweebhaktheriya eziluncedo kwaye kunciphise ukudumba.

1. IiProbiotics/Prebiotics: ukongeza iintlobo ezithile zeebhaktheriya (umz., iLactobacillus, iBifidobacterium) kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwesithintelo samathumbu.
2. Unyango oluchasene nokudumba: amayeza ajoliswe ekudumbeni kwamathumbu (umz., izithinteli zeTLR4) anokunciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kwe-AD.
3. Iindlela zokungenelela kwindlela yokuphila: ukuzilolonga kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunokugcina ulungelelwano lwezityalo zamathumbu

5. Isiphelo kunye neembono zexesha elizayo

Ukudumba kwamathumbu kuyanda ngokukhula kwaye kunokubangela isifo se-AD ngokusebenzisa i-gut-brain axis. Izifundo zexesha elizayo kufuneka zicacise ngakumbi ubudlelwane obubangela phakathi kwezityalo ezithile kunye ne-AD kwaye zihlolisise amaqhinga okuthintela i-AD kunye nonyango olusekelwe kulawulo lwezityalo zamathumbu. Uphando kule ndawo lunokubonelela ngeethagethi ezintsha zokungenelela kwangoko kwizifo eziwohlokayo.

I-Xiamen Baysen Medical Thina i-Baysen Medical sihlala sigxile kwindlela yokuxilonga ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Siphuhlise amaqonga etekhnoloji ama-5- i-Latex, i-colloidal gold, i-Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, i-Molecular, i-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay. Sigxila kwimpilo yamathumbu, kunye ne-Uvavanyo lwe-CAL isetyenziselwa ukubona ukudumba emathunjini.

Iingxelo:

1. UVogt, NM, et al. (2017). “Utshintsho kwi-gut microbiome kwisifo sika-Alzheimer.”Iingxelo zeSayensi.
2. UDodiya, HB, et al. (2020). “Ukudumba kwamathumbu okungapheliyo kuyandisa i-tau pathology kwimodeli yegundane yesifo sika-Alzheimer.”I-Neuroscience yendalo.
3. Franceschi, C., et al. (2018). “Ukudumba: imbono entsha yokuzikhusela komzimba kwizifo ezinxulumene nokuguga.”Uhlolo lweNdalo I-Endocrinology.