I-Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) Uhlolojikelele

I-Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) iyigciwane elithwala omiyane elidala i-Chikungunya fever. Okulandelayo isifinyezo esinemininingwane yegciwane:

1. Izimpawu zegciwane

• Ukuhlukaniswa: Kungokwe-I-Togaviridaeumndeni, uhloboI-Alphavirus.
• I-Genome: Igciwane le-RNA elinemucu owodwa elinentambo eyodwa.
• Izindlela zokudlulisela: Isakazwa kakhulu yi-Aedes aegypti kanye ne-Aedes albopictus, ama-vector afanayo namagciwane odenga kanye ne-Zika.

• Izindawo ezihlala njalo: Izifunda ezishisayo nezishisayo e-Afrika, e-Asia, eMelika, naseziqhingini zase-Indian Ocean.

2. Ukusebenza komtholampilo

• Isikhathi sokufukamela: Ngokujwayelekile izinsuku ezi-3-7.
• Izimpawu Ezijwayelekile:
  • Ukushisa okukhulu okungazelelwe (>39°C).
  • Ubuhlungu obukhulu obuhlangene (ikakhulukazi buthinta izandla, izihlakala, amadolo, njll.), obungahlala amasonto kuya ezinyangeni.
  • Ukuqubuka kwe-maculopapular (ngokuvamile esiqwini nasemalungeni).
  • Ubuhlungu bemisipha, ikhanda, isicanucanu tec.
• Izimpawu ezingapheli: Cishe i-30% -40% yeziguli zithola ubuhlungu obuhlangene obuqhubekayo, obungase buhlale izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka.
• Ingozi yokugula okunzima: Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, asebekhulile kanye neziguli ezinezifo ezingapheli zingase zibe nezinkinga zemizwa (ezifana ne-meningitis) noma ukufa, kodwa izinga lokufa liphansi (<1%).

3. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa

• Izindlela zokuxilonga:
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-serological: Amasosha omzimba e-IgM/IgG (atholakala cishe ezinsukwini ezi-5 ngemva kokuqala).
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-molecular: RT-PCR (ukutholwa kwe-RNA yegciwane esigabeni esibucayi).
  • Udinga ukuhlukanisa kusukaudenga imfiva, igciwane leZika, njll. (izimpawu ezifanayo)
• Ukwelashwa:
  • Awukho umuthi othize we-antiviral, futhi ukwesekwa okunezimpawu kuwukwelashwa okuyinhloko:
    • Ukukhululeka kobuhlungu/umkhuhlane (gwema i-aspirin ngenxa yengozi yokopha).
    • I-hydration nokuphumula.
    • Ubuhlungu obungapheli obuhlangene bungase budinge izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala noma i-physiotherapy.

4. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela

• Ukulawula Omiyane:
  • Sebenzisa amanethi omiyane kanye nemithi exosha omiyane (okuhlanganisa i-DEET, i-picaridin, njll.).
  • Susa amanzi amile (nciphisa izindawo zokuzalela omiyane).
• Izeluleko zokuvakasha: Thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho uya ezindaweni ezihlala njalo futhi ugqoke izingubo ezinemikhono emide.
• Ukuthuthukiswa komuthi wokugoma: Kusukela ngo-2023, ayikho imithi yokugoma eyethulwe, kodwa eminye imithi yokugoma isesivivinyweni somtholampilo (njengemithi yokugoma efana negciwane).

5. Ukubaluleka Kwezempilo Yomphakathi

• Ingozi Yokuqubuka: Ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa okubanzi komiyane be-Aedes nokufudumala kwesimo sezulu, ububanzi bokudluliswa kungenzeka bande.
• Ubhadane lomhlaba wonke: Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukubheduka kwezifo kwenzeke ezindaweni eziningi e-Caribbean, South Asia (njenge-India nePakistan) nase-Afrika.

6. Umehluko Obalulekile kusukaUdengaImfiva

• Ukufana: Zombili zidluliselwa umiyane we-Aedes futhi zinezimpawu ezifanayo (umkhuhlane, ukuqubuka).
• Ukuhlukaniswa: I-Chikungunya ibonakala ngobuhlungu obukhulu obuhlangene, ngenkathiudengakungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kubangele ukuthambekela ukopha noma ukushaqeka.

Isiphetho:

I-We Baysen Medical ihlale igxile kumasu okuxilonga ukuze sithuthukise izinga lempilo. Senze izinkundla zobuchwepheshe ezi-5- i-Latex, igolide eli-colloidal, i-Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, i-Molecular, i-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay.Siphinde sigxile ekuhloleni izifo ezithathelwanayo,Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-Dengue NSI,Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-Dengue IgG/IgM, Udenga NSI kanye nokuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-IgG/IgM