Ukubuka Konke kwe-Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV)

Igciwane le-Chikungunya (CHIKV) liyigciwane elithwalwa omiyane elibangela kakhulu umkhuhlane we-Chikungunya. Okulandelayo isifinyezo esinemininingwane saleli gciwane:

1. Izici zegciwane

• Ukuhlukaniswa: KungokwalaboI-Togaviridaeumndeni, uhloboI-Alphavirus.
• I-Genome: Igciwane le-RNA elinomugqa owodwa elinomugqa owodwa.
• Izindlela zokudlulisela: Zidluliselwa kakhulu yi-Aedes aegypti kanye ne-Aedes albopictus, izimbangela ezifanayo namagciwane e-dengue kanye ne-Zika.

• Izindawo ezivame kakhulu: Izindawo zasezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo e-Afrika, e-Asia, eMelika, naseziQhingini zase-Indian Ocean.

2. Ukusebenza kwezokwelapha

• Isikhathi Sokufukama: Ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-3-7.
• Izimpawu Ezijwayelekile:
  • Umkhuhlane omkhulu ngokuzumayo (>39°C).
  • Ubuhlungu obukhulu bamalunga (ikakhulukazi buthinta izandla, izihlakala, amadolo, njll.), obungahlala amasonto kuya ezinyangeni.
  • Ukuqubuka kwe-maculopapular (ngokuvamile esiqwini nasemalungeni).
  • Ubuhlungu bemisipha, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu.
• Izimpawu Ezingapheli: Cishe u-30%-40% weziguli uzwa ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo bamalunga, obungahlala izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka.
• Ingozi yokugula kakhulu: Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, asebekhulile kanye neziguli ezinezifo ezingamahlalakhona zingase zibe nezinkinga zezinzwa (njenge-meningitis) noma ukufa, kodwa izinga lokufa lilonke liphansi (<1%).

3. Ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa

• Izindlela Zokuxilonga:
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-Serological: Ama-antibodies e-IgM/IgG (atholakala cishe ezinsukwini ezi-5 ngemuva kokuqala).
  • Ukuhlolwa kwama-molecule: RT-PCR (ukutholwa kwe-RNA yegciwane esigabeni esibucayi).
  • Isidingo sokuhlukanisa kuudenga umkhuhlane, igciwane leZika, njll. (izimpawu ezifanayo)
• Ukwelashwa:
  • Akukho muthi othize we-antiviral, futhi ukwesekwa okunezimpawu kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko:
    • Ukuqeda ubuhlungu/umkhuhlane (gwema i-aspirin ngenxa yengozi yokopha).
    • Ukuphuza amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokuphumula.
    • Ubuhlungu obungapheli bamalunga bungadinga imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala noma i-physiotherapy.

4. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela

• Ukulawulwa Komiyane:
  • Sebenzisa amanethi omiyane kanye nemithi yokuxosha omiyane (kufaka phakathi i-DEET, i-picaridin, njll.).
  • Susa amanzi amile (nciphisa izindawo zokuzalela omiyane).
• Iseluleko Sokuhamba: Thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho uya ezindaweni ezivame ukuba khona futhi ugqoke izingubo ezinemikhono emide.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwemithi yokugoma: Kusukela ngo-2023, akukho mithi yokugoma yezentengiselwano eye yaqaliswa, kodwa eminye imithi yokugoma efanelekile isezivivinyweni zemitholampilo (njengemithi yokugoma efana negciwane).

5. Ukubaluleka Kwempilo Yomphakathi

• Ingozi Yokuqubuka Kwesifo: Ngenxa yokusabalala kabanzi komiyane be-Aedes kanye nokufudumala kwesimo sezulu, ububanzi bokusabalala kwalesi sifo bunganda.
• Ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke: Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuqubuka kwesifo kuye kwenzeka ezindaweni eziningi eCaribbean, eNingizimu Asia (njengeNdiya nePakistan) kanye nase-Afrika.

6. Umehluko Obalulekile Kusuka Ku-UDengueImfiva

• Ukufana: Kokubili kudluliswa umiyane i-Aedes futhi kunezimpawu ezifanayo (umkhuhlane, ukuqubuka).
• Umehluko: I-Chikungunya ibonakala ngobuhlungu obukhulu bamalunga, kuyilaphoudengakungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kubangele ukuthambekela kokopha noma ukushaqeka.

Isiphetho:

I-Baysen Medical ihlala igxile ebuchwephesheni bokuxilonga ukuze ithuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo. Sithuthukise amapulatifomu obuchwepheshe ayi-5 - i-Latex, i-colloidal gold, i-Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, i-Molecular, i-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay. Siphinde sigxile ekuhlolweni kwezifo ezithelelanayo, sinazoUkuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-Dengue NSI,Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-Dengue IgG/IgM, Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-Dengue NSI kanye ne-IgG/IgM