Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kokuvuvukala Kwamathumbu, Ukuguga, kanye Ne-Alzheimer's Disease Pathology

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-gut microbiota kanye nezifo zemizwa sebuphenduke indawo yokucwaninga. Ubufakazi obuningi bubonisa ukuthi ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu (njengokuvuza kwamathumbu kanye ne-dysbiosis) kungathinta ukuqhubeka kwezifo ze-neurodegenerative, ikakhulukazi isifo i-Alzheimer's (AD), ngokusebenzisa "i-gut-brain axis". Lesi sihloko sibuyekeza indlela ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu okukhula ngayo ngokuguga futhi sihlola ukuhlangana kwawo okungenzeka ne-AD pathology (njengokufakwa kwe-β-amyloid kanye nokuvuvukala kwe-neuroinflammation), okunikeza imibono emisha yokungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-AD.

1. Isingeniso

Isifo i-Alzheimer's (AD) yisifo esivame kakhulu sokuwohloka kwemizwa, esibonakala ngama-plaque e-β-amyloid (Aβ) kanye ne-hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Nakuba izici zofuzo (isb., i-APOE4) ziyizici ezinkulu zengozi ye-AD, amathonya emvelo (isb., ukudla, impilo yamathumbu) angase abe negalelo ekuqhubekeni kwe-AD ngokuvuvukala okungapheli. Amathumbu, njengesitho esikhulu kunazo zonke somzimba sokuzivikela, angathonya impilo yobuchopho ngezindlela eziningi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuguga.

2. Ukuvuvukala Kwamathumbu Nokuguga

2.1 Ukwehla kokusebenza kwesithiyo samathumbu okuhlobene nobudala
Njengoba iminyaka ikhula, ubuqotho bomgoqo wamathumbu buyancipha, okuholela “ekuvuvukeni kwamathumbu”, okuvumela ama-metabolites amabhaktheriya (njenge-lipopolysaccharide, i-LPS) ukuthi angene ekujikelezeni kwegazi, okubangela ukuvuvukala okuphansi. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo zamathumbu kubantu asebekhulile kuyancipha, amabhaktheriya abangela ukuvuvukala (njenge-Proteobacteria) ayanda, kanti amabhaktheriya alwa nokuvuvukala (njenge-Bifidobacterium) ayancipha, okwandisa kakhulu impendulo yokuvuvukala.

2.2 Izici zokuvuvukala nokuguga
Ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwezinga eliphansi ("ukuguga okuvuvukalayo", Ukuvuvukala) kuyisici esibalulekile sokuguga. Izici zokuvuvukala kwamathumbu (njengeIL-6, i-TNF-α) ingangena ebuchosheni ngokujikeleza kwegazi, isebenze i-microglia, ikhuthaze ukuvuvukala kwe-neuroinflammation, futhi isheshise inqubo ye-pathological ye-AD.

kanye nokukhuthaza ukuvuvukala kwemizwa, ngaleyo ndlela kusheshiswe i-AD pathology.

3. Ukuxhumana Phakathi Kokuvuvukala Kwamathumbu kanye Nesifo Se-Alzheimer's

3.1 I-Dut Dysbiosis kanye ne-Aβ Deposition

Amamodeli ezilwane abonise ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwezitshalo zamathumbu kungandisa ukubekwa kwe-Aβ. Isibonelo, amagundane aphathwe ngama-antibiotic anciphise ama-Aβ plaque, kuyilapho amazinga e-Aβ ekhuphuka emagundwini ane-dysbiosis. Ama-metabolite athile ebhaktheriya (njenge-short-chain fatty acids, ama-SCFA) angathinta ukususwa kwe-Aβ ngokulawula ukusebenza kwe-microglial.

3.2 I-Axis Yobuchopho Nokuvuvukala Kwezinzwa

Ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu kungathinta ubuchopho ngokusebenzisa isitho sangasese sowesifazane, amasosha omzimba, kanye nezindlela ze-metabolic:

• Indlela ye-vagal: izimpawu zokuvuvukala kwamathumbu zidluliselwa nge-vagus nerve ziye kwi-CNS, okuthinta ukusebenza kwe-hippocampal kanye ne-prefrontal cortex.
• Ukuvuvukala kwesistimu: Izakhi zamagciwane ezifana ne-LPS zivuselela i-microglia futhi zikhuthaze ukuvuvukala kwe-neuroinflammation, zikhulise i-tau pathology kanye nomonakalo we-neuronal.
• Imiphumela ye-Metabolic: i-gut dysbiosis ingathinta i-tryptophan metabolism, okuholela ekungalinganini kwama-neurotransmitter (isb., 5-HT) futhi kuthinte ukusebenza kwengqondo.

3.3 Ubufakazi Bezokwelapha

• Iziguli ezine-AD zinokwakheka okuhlukile kakhulu kwezitshalo zamathumbu kunabantu abadala abanempilo, isib., isilinganiso esingavamile se-Thick-walled phylum/Antibacterial phylum.
• Amazinga egazi e-LPS ahlobene kahle nobunzima be-AD.
• Ukungenelela kwama-probiotic (isb. i-Bifidobacterium bifidum) kunciphisa ukufakwa kwe-Aβ futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwengqondo kumamodeli ezilwane.

4. Amasu Okungenelela Angaba Khona

Ukuguqulwa kokudla: ukudla okune-fiber ephezulu, kwaseMedithera kungakhuthaza ukukhula kwamagciwane awusizo futhi kunciphise ukuvuvukala.

1. Ama-Probiotic/Ama-Prebiotic: ukwengeza izinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane (isb., i-Lactobacillus, i-Bifidobacterium) kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwesithiyo samathumbu.
2. Ukwelashwa okulwa nokuvuvukala: imithi ehlose ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu (isib., izithibi ze-TLR4) ingase inciphise ukuqhubeka kwe-AD.
3. Izindlela zokuphila: ukuzivocavoca nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kungagcina ibhalansi yezitshalo zamathumbu

5. Isiphetho kanye Nemibono Yesikhathi Esizayo

Ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu kuyanda ngokuguga futhi kungase kube nomthelela ekwelapheni kwe-AD ngokusebenzisa i-axis yamathumbu nobuchopho. Izifundo zesikhathi esizayo kufanele zicacise kabanzi ubudlelwano obuyimbangela phakathi kwezitshalo ezithile kanye ne-AD futhi zihlole amasu okuvimbela kanye nokwelapha i-AD asekelwe ekulawulweni kwezitshalo zamathumbu. Ucwaningo kule ndawo lunganikeza izinhloso ezintsha zokungenelela kwasekuqaleni kwezifo eziwohlokayo zemizwa.

I-Xiamen Baysen Medical Thina i-Baysen Medical sihlala sigxile enkambisweni yokuxilonga ukuze sithuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo. Sithuthukise amapulatifomu obuchwepheshe amahlanu - i-Latex, i-colloidal gold, i-Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, i-Molecular, i-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay. Sigxila empilweni yamathumbu, kanye ne-Ukuhlolwa kwe-CAL isetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuvuvukala emathunjini.

Izinkomba:

1. UVogt, NM, et al. (2017). "Ukuguqulwa kwe-microbiome yamathumbu esifweni i-Alzheimer's."Imibiko Yesayensi.
2. UDodiya, HB, et al. (2020). “Ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu okungapheli kuyandisa i-tau pathology kumodeli yegundane yesifo i-Alzheimer’s.”Isayensi Yezinzwa Zemvelo.
3. Franceschi, C., et al. (2018). “Ukuvuvukala: umbono omusha wokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokusetshenziswa komzimba kwezifo ezihlobene nokuguga.”Ukubuyekezwa Kwemvelo I-Endocrinology.