Ngā mate pipiri e kawea ana e te namu: ngā tūmomo mōrearea me te ārai

Ko ngā waeroa tētahi o ngā kararehe tino morearea o te ao. He maha ngā mate kino ka tukuna e ā rātou ngau, ā, ka mate ngā rau mano i te ao katoa i ia tau. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, e pangia ana e ngā mate kawe waeroa (pērā i te malaria me te kirika dengue) ngā rau miriona tāngata, ā, he tino mōrearea ki te hauora o te marea. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ngā mate pangia matua ka kawea e te waeroa, ō rātou tikanga tuku, me ngā mahi ārai me te whakahaere.

I. Me pēhea te horapa o ngā mate e ngā waeroa?

Ka tukuna e ngā waeroa ngā mate urutā (ngā huaketo, ngā pirinoa, me ētahi atu) mai i te hunga pangia, i te kararehe rānei ki te hunga hauora mā te ngote toto. Kei roto i te tukanga tuku:

1. Ngau a te tangata pangiaKa hongihia e te waeroa te toto kei roto te huaketo.
2. Te whakanui i ngā mate huaketo i roto i te waeroaKa whanake te huaketo, te pirinoa rānei i roto i te waeroa (hei tauira, ka oti te huringa ora o Plasmodium i roto i te waeroa Anopheles).
3. Te tuku ki tētahi kaihautū houIna ngau anō te waeroa, ka uru te huaketo ki te tinana mā te huware.

He rerekē ngā mate ka tukuna e ngā momo waeroa rerekē, pērā i:

• Aedes aegypti– Dengue, Chikv, Zika, Kirika Kōwhai
• Ngā waeroa Anopheles– Mate pāwera
• Ngā waeroa Culex– Te Huaketo o te Nile Uru, te Matepukupuku Hapanihi

II. Ngā Mate Pirau Nui e Kawea ana e te Namu

(1) Ngā Mate Huaketo

1. Te kirika dengue
   • PatumateTe huaketo Dengue (4 momo)
   • Ngā tohuTe kirika nui, te ānini nui, te mamae uaua; ka piki pea ki te totohu, ki te ohorere rānei.
   • Ngā rohe endemicNgā rohe pārūrū me ngā rohe pārūrū (Āhia ki te Tonga Rawhiti, Amerika Latina).
2. Te Mate Huaketo Zika
   • MōreareaKa taea e te mate pāwera i roto i ngā wāhine hāpu te whakaputa i te microcephaly i roto i ngā pēpi; he hononga ki ngā mate pūnaha io.

3. Te kirika Chikungunya

• TakeTe huaketo Chikungunya (CHIKV)
• Ngā momo waeroa matuaAedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus
• Ngā tohuTe kirika nui, te mamae nui o ngā hononga (tērā pea ka roa mō ētahi marama).

4.Kirika Kōwhai

• Ngā tohuTe kirika, te mate kiriuhi, te toto; he nui te mate (e wātea ana te kano ārai mate).

5.Te mate pukupuku o Hapanihi

• Wetereo:Culex tritaeniorhynchus
• Ngā tohuTe mate roro, he nui te mate (he mea noa i te tuawhenua o Āhia).

(2) Ngā Mate Parataiki

1. Malaria
   • PatumateTe pirinoa malaria (ko te Plasmodium falciparum te mea tino whakamate)
   • Ngā tohuTe makariri i ētahi wā, te kirika nui, me te anemia. Tata ki te 600,000 ngā mate i ia tau.
2. Te mate pūkahukahu (Elephantiasis)
   
   • Patumate: Ngā kutukutu filarial (Wuchereria bancrofti,Brugia Malayi)
   • Ngā tohuTe kino o te lymphatic, ka pupuhi ai te peka, te ira tangata rānei.

III. Me pēhea te ārai i ngā mate ka kawea e te namu?

1. Te Tiakitanga Whaiaro
   • Whakamahia he ārai namu (kei roto ko te DEET, te picaridin rānei).
   • Kia mau ki ngā kākahu ringaringa roa, ā, whakamahia hoki ngā kupenga waeroa (ina koa ko ērā kua rongoātia ki te patu ngārara ārai mate malaria).
   • Kaua e haere ki waho i te wā e puta mai ai ngā namu (te ahiahi me te ata).
2. Whakahaere Taiao
   • Tangohia te wai e tū ana (hei tauira, i roto i ngā kohua putiputi me ngā potae) hei ārai i te whānautanga o ngā namu.
   • Rehuhia ngā patu ngārara ki tō hapori, whakamahia rānei he tikanga whakahaere koiora (hei tauira, te whakatipu ika waeroa).
3. Werohanga
   • He whai hua ngā kano ārai mate mō te kirika kōwhai me te mate pukupuku Hapanihi hei ārai i te mate.
   • Kei te wātea te kano ārai mate dengue (Dengvaxia) i ētahi whenua, engari he iti noa iho tōna whakamahinga.

IV. Ngā Wero o te Ao mō te Whakahaere Mate

• Te huringa āhuarangiKei te horapa ngā mate a te namu ki ngā rohe mahana (hei tauira, te dengue i Ūropi).
• Ātete ki ngā pepekeKei te whanake haere te ātete o ngā waeroa ki ngā patu pepeke noa.
• Ngā herenga mō te kano ārai mateHe whai huatanga iti noa iho te kano ārai mate malaria (RTS,S); me whai otinga pai ake.

Whakamutunga

Ko ngā mate e kawea mai ana e te namu he tūmomo mōrearea nui ki te hauora o te ao, inā koa i ngā rohe pārūrū. Mā te ārai whai hua—mā te whakahaere namu, te werohanga, me ngā mahi hauora tūmatanui—ka taea te whakaiti i ngā mate. Ko te mahi tahi o te ao, te auahatanga hangarau, me te mōhiotanga o te marea ngā mea nui ki te whawhai ki ēnei mate ā muri ake nei.

Hauora o BaysenKei te arotahi tonu mātou ki te tikanga tātaritanga hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga. E rima ngā tūāpapa hangarau kua whakawhanakehia e mātou - Latex, koura colloidal, Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, Molecular, Chemiluminescence Immunoassay. Kei a mātouWhakamātautau Tere Den-NS1, Whakamātautau tere Den-IgG/IgM, Whakamātautau tere Dengue IgG/IgM-NS1 Combo, Whakamātautau Tere Mal-PF, Whakamātautau Tere Mal-PF/PV, Whakamātautau Tere Mal-PF/PAN mō te tirotiro wawe i ēnei mate pipiri.