Indwara zanduza imibu: iterabwoba no kwirinda

Umubu uri mu nyamaswa ziteye akaga ku isi. Kurumwa kwabo kwanduza indwara nyinshi zica, bikaviramo abantu ibihumbi magana ku isi buri mwaka. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, indwara ziterwa n’umubu (nka malariya na feri ya dengue) zanduza abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni amagana, bikaba byangiza ubuzima rusange. Iyi ngingo izerekana indwara nyamukuru zanduza imibu, uburyo bwo kwanduza, hamwe ningamba zo gukumira no kurwanya.

I. Nigute imibu ikwirakwiza indwara?

Umubu wanduza virusi (virusi, parasite, nibindi) kubantu banduye cyangwa inyamaswa kubantu bazima bonsa amaraso. Uburyo bwo kohereza bukubiyemo:

1. Kurumwa n'umuntu wanduye: Umubu uhumeka amaraso arimo patogene.
2. Kugwiza indwara ya patogene mu mubu: Virusi cyangwa parasite bikura mu mubu (urugero, Plasmodium irangiza ubuzima bwayo mu mibu ya Anopheles).
3. Kohereza kubakira: Iyo umubu wongeye kuruma, virusi yinjira mu mubiri binyuze mu macandwe.

Ubwoko butandukanye bw imibu bwanduza indwara zitandukanye, nka:

• Aedes aegypti- Dengue, Chikv, Zika, Umuriro w'umuhondo
• Umubu wa AnophelesMalariya
• Umubu wa Culex- Virusi ya West Nile, Ikiyapani Encephalitis

II. Indwara zikomeye zanduza imibu

(1) Indwara za virusi

1. Indwara ya Dengue
   • Indwara: Virusi ya Dengue (serotypes 4)
   • Ibimenyetso: Umuriro mwinshi, kubabara umutwe cyane, kubabara imitsi; irashobora gutera imbere kuva amaraso cyangwa guhungabana.
   • Uturere twanduye: Ahantu hashyuha no mu turere dushyuha (Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, Amerika y'Epfo).
2. Indwara ya Zika
   • Ingaruka: Kwandura ku bagore batwite birashobora gutera microcephaly ku bana; bifitanye isano n'indwara zifata ubwonko.

3. Indwara ya Chikungunya

• Impamvu: Virusi ya Chikungunya (CHIKV)
• Ubwoko nyamukuru bw imibu: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus
• Ibimenyetso: Umuriro mwinshi, ububabare bukabije bw'ingingo (zishobora kumara amezi menshi).

4.Umuriro w'umuhondo

• Ibimenyetso: Umuriro, jaundice, kuva amaraso; umubare munini w'abahitanwa (urukingo rurahari).

5.Ikiyapani Encephalitis

• Vector:Culex tritaeniorhynchus
• Ibimenyetso: Encephalitis, impfu nyinshi (zisanzwe muri Aziya yo mu cyaro).

(2) Indwara za parasitike

1. Malariya
   • Indwara: Malariya parasite (Plasmodium falciparum niyo yica cyane)
   • Ibimenyetso: Ubukonje burigihe, umuriro mwinshi, hamwe no kubura amaraso. Hafi buri mwaka hapfa abantu 600.000.
2. Lymphatic Filariasis (Inzovu)
   
   • Indwara: Inyo ya Filariya (Wuchereria bancrofti,Brugia malayi)
   • Ibimenyetso: Indwara ya Lymphatic, iganisha ku ngingo cyangwa kubyimba.

III. Nigute wakwirinda indwara ziterwa n'umubu?

1. Kurinda Umuntu
   • Koresha umuti wica imibu (urimo DEET cyangwa picaridine).
   • Wambare imyenda miremire kandi ukoreshe inzitiramubu (cyane cyane zivuwe nudukoko twica udukoko).
   • Irinde gusohoka mugihe cy imibu (bwije na bucya).
2. Kugenzura ibidukikije
   • Kuraho amazi ahagaze (urugero, mumasafuriya yindabyo nipine) kugirango wirinde imibu.
   • Koresha udukoko twica udukoko mu gace utuyemo cyangwa ukoreshe ibinyabuzima (urugero, korora amafi y imibu).
3. Urukingo
   • Umuriro w'umuhondo hamwe n'inkingo za encephalitis zo mu Buyapani birinda indwara.
   • Urukingo rwa Dengue (Dengvaxia) ruraboneka mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, ariko ikoreshwa ni rito.

IV. Inzitizi ku Isi mu Kurwanya Indwara

• Imihindagurikire y’ibihe: Indwara ziterwa n'umubu zikwirakwira mu turere dushyuha (urugero, dengue mu Burayi).
• Kurwanya udukoko: Umubu urimo urwanya kurwanya udukoko twangiza.
• Inkingo ntarengwa: Urukingo rwa Malariya (RTS, S) rufite imikorere igice; ibisubizo byiza birakenewe.

Umwanzuro

Indwara ziterwa n'umubu zikomeje guhungabanya ubuzima ku isi, cyane cyane mu turere dushyuha. Kwirinda neza - binyuze mu kurwanya imibu, gukingira, hamwe n’ubuzima rusange - birashobora kugabanya cyane kwandura. Ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, no kumenyekanisha rubanda ni urufunguzo rwo kurwanya izo ndwara mu bihe biri imbere.

Baysen Medicalburi gihe yibanda kubuhanga bwo gusuzuma kugirango uzamure imibereho. Twateje imbere tekinoroji 5 yikoranabuhanga- Latex, zahabu ya colloidal, Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, Molecular, Chemiluminescence Immunoassay.TufiteDen-NS1 Ikizamini cyihuse, Den-IgG / IgM ikizamini cyihuse, Dengue IgG / IgM-NS1 Combo yihuta, Ikizamini cya Mal-PF, Ikizamini cya Mal-PF / PV Ikizamini cyihuse, Mal-PF / PAN Ikizamini cyihuse yo gusuzuma hakiri kare izo ndwara zanduza.