Indwara zandura ziterwa n'imibu: ibibangamiye n'uburyo bwo kuzirinda

Imibu iri mu nyamaswa ziteje akaga cyane ku isi. Gukururwa kwayo kwanduza indwara nyinshi zica, bigahitana abantu ibihumbi amagana ku isi buri mwaka. Dukurikije imibare, indwara ziterwa n'imibu (nka malariya na dengue fiver) zandura abantu barenga miliyoni amagana, bikaba ari ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima rusange. Iyi nkuru izagaragaza indwara z'ingenzi zandura ziterwa n'imibu, uburyo bwo kwanduzanya, n'ingamba zo gukumira no kurwanya.

I. Ni gute imibu ikwirakwiza indwara?

Imibu yanduza indwara (virusi, udukoko, nibindi) ziva ku bantu cyangwa inyamaswa zanduye zijya ku bantu bazima zikoresheje uburyo bwo kunyunyuza amaraso. Uburyo bwo kwanduzanya burimo:

1. Guruma umuntu wanduye: Umubu uhumeka amaraso arimo ubwandu.
2. Kwiyongera kwa virusi mu mubu: Virusi cyangwa udukoko tugaragara mu mubu (urugero: Plasmodium irangiza ubuzima bwayo mu mubu wa Anopheles).
3. Kohereza kuri sosiyete nshya: Iyo umubu wongeye kuruma, indwara yinjira mu mubiri inyuze mu macandwe.

Ubwoko butandukanye bw'imibu bwanduza indwara zitandukanye, nko:

• Aedes aegypti– Dengue, Chikv, Zika, Umuhondo w'Umuhondo
• Umubu witwa Anopheles– Malariya
• Imibu ya Culex– Virusi ya Nile y'Iburengerazuba, Encephalitis yo mu Buyapani

II. Indwara zikomeye zandura ziterwa n'imibu

(1) Indwara za virusi

1. Umuriro wa Dengue
   • Indwara yanduza indwaraVirusi ya Dengue (serotypes 4)
   • Ibimenyetso: Umuriro mwinshi, kuribwa umutwe cyane, kubabara imitsi; bishobora gutera kuva amaraso cyangwa gutungurwa.
   • Uturere twakunze kugaragaramo indwara: Uduce dushyuha n'utwo mu turere dushyuha (Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, Amerika y'Epfo).
2. Indwara ya virusi ya Zika
   • Ingaruka: Kwandura kwandura ku bagore batwite bishobora gutera indwara ya mikorosefali mu bana bato; bifitanye isano n'indwara z'imitsi.

3. Indwara ya Chikungunya

• Impamvu: Virusi ya Chikungunya (CHIKV)
• Ubwoko bw'imibu y'ingenzi: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus
• Ibimenyetso: Umuriro mwinshi, ububabare bukomeye mu ngingo (bushobora kumara amezi menshi).

4.Umuriro w'umuhondo

• Ibimenyetso: Umuriro, umuhondo, kuva amaraso; impfu nyinshi (hari urukingo).

5.Encephalitis yo mu Buyapani

• Vektori:Culex tritaeniorhynchus
• Ibimenyetso: Encephalitis, igipimo cy’impfu nyinshi (gikunze kugaragara mu cyaro cya Aziya).

(2) Indwara z'udukoko

1. Malariya
   • Indwara yanduza indwara: Udukoko twa malariya (Plasmodium falciparum ni two twica cyane)
   • Ibimenyetso: Gukonja buri gihe, umuriro mwinshi, no kubura amaraso. Abantu bagera ku 600.000 bapfa buri mwaka.
2. Filariasis y'imitsi (Elephantiasis)
   
   • Indwara yanduza indwara: Inyo z'ibicurane (Wuchereria bancrofti,Brugia malayi)
   • Ibimenyetso: Kwangirika kwa lymphatic, bigatera kubyimba kw'ingingo cyangwa imyanya ndangagitsina.

III. Ni gute wakwirinda indwara ziterwa n'imibu?

1. Kwirinda Umuntu ku Giti Cye
   • Koresha umuti wica imibu (urimo DEET cyangwa picaridin).
   • Ambara imyenda y'amaboko maremare kandi ukoreshe inzitiramibu (cyane cyane izivuwe n'umuti wica udukoko wa malariya).
   • Irinde gusohoka mu gihe cy'imibu (mu bwije no mu gitondo).
2. Kugenzura ibidukikije
   • Kuraho amazi ahagaze (urugero, mu nkono z'indabyo n'amapine) kugira ngo wirinde kororoka kw'imibu.
   • Tera imiti yica udukoko mu gace utuyemo cyangwa ukoreshe uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko (urugero, korora amafi y'imibu).
3. Gukingirwa
   • Urukingo rw'umuhondo n'inkingo zo mu Buyapani zirwanya indwara ya encephalite ni uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda.
   • Urukingo rwa Dengue (Dengvaxia) ruraboneka mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, ariko ikoreshwa ryarwo ni rike.

IV. Imbogamizi ku Isi mu Kurwanya Indwara

• Imihindagurikire y'ikirere: Indwara zandurira mu mibu zirimo gukwirakwira mu turere dushyuha cyane (urugero, dengue mu Burayi).
• Ubudahangarwa bw'imiti yica udukoko: Imibu irimo irushaho kugira ubudahangarwa ku miti isanzwe yica udukoko.
• Imipaka y'inkingo: Urukingo rwa Malariya (RTS,S) rufite akamaro gato; hakenewe ibisubizo byiza kurushaho.

Umwanzuro

Indwara zandurira mu mibu ziracyari ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima ku isi, cyane cyane mu turere dushyuha. Kwirinda neza—binyuze mu kurwanya imibu, gukingira, no gufata ingamba z’ubuzima rusange—bishobora kugabanya cyane ubwandu. Ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, no kumenyekanisha abaturage ni ingenzi mu kurwanya izi ndwara mu gihe kizaza.

Ubuvuzi bwa BaysenBuri gihe hibandwa ku buryo bwo gusuzuma kugira ngo habeho ireme ry'ubuzima. Twakoze ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rigizwe na: Latex, colloidal gold, Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, Molecular, Chemiluminescence Immunoassay.Ikizamini cya Den-NS1 cyihuse, Ikizamini cyihuse cya Den-IgG/IgM, Ikizamini cyihuse cya Dengue IgG/IgM-NS1, Ikizamini cya Mal-PF Rapid, Ikizamini cya Mal-PF/PV cyihuse, Ikizamini cya Mal-PF/PAN cyihuse kugira ngo hakorwe isuzuma ry’izi ndwara zandura hakiri kare.