VIH, izina ryuzuye rya virusi itera indwara z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri w'umuntu Ni virusi yibasira uturemangingo dufasha umubiri kurwanya ubwandu, bigatuma umuntu yibasirwa n'izindi ndwara. Yandurira mu gukora ku matembabuzi amwe n'amwe y'umubiri w'umuntu urwaye virusi itera SIDA. Nkuko twese tubizi, ikwirakwira cyane mu gihe cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye (imibonano mpuzabitsina nta gakingirizo cyangwa umuti wa virusi itera SIDA wo kwirinda cyangwa kuvura virusi itera SIDA), cyangwa binyuze mu gusangira ibikoresho by'imiti iterwa n'inshinge, nibindi.

Iyo bitavuwe,agakoko gatera SIDAbishobora gutera indwara ya SIDA (syndrome yo kudakomeza ubwirinzi bw'umubiri), ikaba ari indwara ikomeye muri twese.

Umubiri w'umuntu ntushobora gukuraho virusi itera SIDA kandi nta muti wa virusi itera SIDA uhari. Bityo rero, iyo umaze kurwara virusi itera SIDA, uba uyifite ubuzima bwawe bwose.

Ariko ku bw'amahirwe, ubu haraboneka uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura virusi itera SIDA (bwitwa antiretroviral therapy cyangwa ART). Iyo ifashwe uko yanditswe, imiti ya virusi itera SIDA ishobora kugabanya ingano ya virusi itera SIDA mu maraso (nanone yitwa viral load) ikagera ku rugero rwo hasi cyane. Ibi byitwa viral suppression. Iyo virusi itera SIDA ifite umubare muto cyane ku buryo laboratwari isanzwe idashobora kuyimenya, byitwa kugira virusi itera SIDA idasobanutse. Abantu bafite virusi itera SIDA bafata imiti ya virusi itera SIDA uko yanditswe kandi bakayifata kandi bakayigumana umubare udashobora kumenyekana bashobora kubaho igihe kirekire kandi bafite ubuzima bwiza kandi ntibazanduza virusi itera SIDA ku bakunzi babo badafite virusi binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.

Byongeye kandi, hari uburyo butandukanye bwiza bwo kwirinda kwandura virusi itera SIDA binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, harimo kwirinda mbere yo kwibasirwa n’icyorezo (PrEP), imiti abantu bafite ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA bafata kugira ngo birinde kwandura virusi itera SIDA binyuze mu gukoresha imiti ikoreshwa mu mibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa mu gutera inshinge, hamwe no kwirinda nyuma yo kwibasirwa n’icyorezo (PEP), imiti ikoreshwa mu masaha 72 nyuma yo kwibasirwa n’icyorezo kugira ngo hirindwe ko cyakwirakwira.

SIDA ni iki?
SIDA ni igihe cya nyuma cy'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA kibaho iyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwangiritse cyane kubera virusi.

Muri Amerika, abantu benshi banduye agakoko gatera SIDA ntibandura SIDA. Impamvu ni uko bafata imiti ya SIDA uko byategetswe bihagarika ikwirakwira ry'iyi ndwara kugira ngo birinde ingaruka mbi.

Umuntu ubana n'agakoko gatera SIDA afatwa nk'uwageze kuri SIDA iyo:

Umubare w'uturemangingo twa CD4 uri munsi ya turemangingo 200 kuri milimetero kibe y'amaraso (uturemangingo 200/mm3). (Ku muntu ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buzima, umubare wa CD4 uri hagati ya turemangingo 500 na 1.600/mm3.) Cyangwa akagira ubwandu bumwe cyangwa bwinshi bushobora gutera impanuka hatitawe ku mubare wa CD4 afite.
Iyo umuntu adafite imiti ya SIDA, ubusanzwe apfa imyaka 3 gusa. Iyo umuntu arwaye indwara y’indengakamere, igihe cyo kubaho nta miti kigabanuka kikagera ku mwaka umwe. Imiti ya SIDA iracyafasha abantu bari muri iki cyiciro cyo kwandura virusi itera SIDA, ndetse ishobora no kurokora ubuzima bwabo. Ariko abantu batangira imiti ya SIDA nyuma gato yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA babona inyungu nyinshi. Niyo mpamvu gupima virusi itera SIDA ari ingenzi kuri twese.

Namenya nte ko mfite agakoko gatera SIDA?
Uburyo bwonyine bwo kumenya niba ufite agakoko gatera SIDA ni ukwipimisha. Kwipimisha biroroshye kandi byoroshye. Ushobora gusaba ikigo cy’ubuzima gupimisha agakoko gatera SIDA. Amavuriro menshi, gahunda zo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, ibigo nderabuzima. Niba udashobora kubigeraho byose, ibitaro nabyo ni amahitamo meza kuri wewe.

Kwipimisha ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDAIkindi kandi ni amahitamo. Kwipimisha ubwabyo bituma abantu bashobora kwipimisha ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA no kumenya ibisubizo byabo mu rugo rwabo cyangwa ahandi hantu hihariye. Isosiyete yacu irimo gutegura kwipimisha ubwandu ubu. Biteganijwe ko kwipimisha ubwandu mu rugo no kwipimisha ubwandu mu rugo bizajya bihura namwe mwese mu mwaka utaha. Reka tubategereze hamwe!