Uvavanyo lweGazi leMpawu zoBugcisa (FOBT)
Yintoni uvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yiFecal Occult Blood Test?
Uvavanyo lwegazi oluvela kwindle (FOBT) lujonga isampuli yendle yakho (indle) ukuze kuhlolwe igazi. Igazi elivela kwindle lithetha ukuba awukwazi ukulibona ngeliso lenyama. Kwaye indle lithetha ukuba likwindle yakho.

Igazi elikwisitulo sakho lithetha ukuba kukho ukopha kwindlela yokugaya ukutya. Ukopha kunokubangelwa ziimeko ezahlukeneyo, kuquka:

Iipolyps, ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kulwelo lwamathumbu amakhulu okanye i-rectum
Ama-Hemorrhoids, imithambo evuvukileyo kwi-anus okanye i-rectum yakho
I-Diverticulosis, imeko enezingxobo ezincinci eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwekholoni
Izilonda, izilonda ezikwindawo engaphakathi kwendlela yokugaya ukutya
I-Colitis, uhlobo lwesifo samathumbu esivuthayo
Umhlaza we-Coloral, uhlobo lomhlaza oluqala kwi-colon okanye kwi-rectum
Umhlaza we-Coloral entlungwini yenye yezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zomhlaza eMelika. Uvavanyo lwegazi oluvela kwindle lunokuvavanya umhlaza we-coloral entlungwini ukunceda ekufumaneni isifo kwangethuba xa unyango lunokuba lolona lusebenzayo.

Amanye amagama: FOBT, igazi elingaqhelekanga lendle, uvavanyo lwegazi elingaqhelekanga, uvavanyo lweHemoccult, uvavanyo lwe-guaiac smear, i-gFOBT, i-immunochemical FOBT, i-iFOBT; FIT

Isetyenziselwa ntoni?
Uvavanyo lwegazi oluvela kwindle ludla ngokusetyenziswa njengovavanyo lokuhlola ukunceda ufumane umhlaza we-colorectal ngaphambi kokuba ube neempawu. Olu vavanyo lukwanolunye uhlobo lokusetyenziswa. Lungenziwa xa kukho inkxalabo malunga nokopha kwindlela yokugaya ukutya ngenxa yezinye iimeko.

Kwezinye iimeko, olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukufumana unobangela we-anemia. Kwaye lunokunceda ekuboneni umahluko phakathi kwe-irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), edla ngokungabangeli ukopha, kunye nesifo samathumbu esivuthayo (IBD), esinokubangela ukopha.

Kodwa uvavanyo lwegazi oluqhutywa lindle lodwa alunakukwazi ukufumanisa nayiphi na imeko. Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho zibonisa igazi kwindle yakho, kuya kufuneka ezinye iimvavanyo ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela.

Kutheni ndifuna uvavanyo lwegazi oluvela kwindle?
Ugqirha wakho angayalela uvavanyo lwegazi oluvela kwindle ukuba uneempawu zesifo esinokubangela ukopha kwindlela yakho yokugaya ukutya. Okanye ungenza uvavanyo ukuze kuhlolwe umhlaza we-colorectal xa ungenazo iimpawu.

Amaqela ezonyango angoochwephesha acebisa kakhulu ukuba abantu bafumane uvavanyo lomhlaza we-colorectal rhoqo. Uninzi lwamaqela ezonyango lucebisa ukuba uqale uvavanyo lomhlaza xa uneminyaka engama-45 okanye engama-50 ubudala ukuba usemngciphekweni oqhelekileyo wokuba nomhlaza we-colorectal. Bacebisa uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo de ube neminyaka engama-75 ubuncinane. Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nomngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza we-colorectal kunye nexesha ekufuneka ulufumane ngalo uvavanyo lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwegazi olungaqhelekanga oluvela kwindle lolunye okanye iintlobo ezininzi zovavanyo lokuhlola i-colorectal. Ezinye iimvavanyo ziquka:

Uvavanyo lwe-DNA yendle. Olu vavanyo lujonga indle yakho ukuba ayinagazi na kunye neeseli ezitshintshayo kwimfuza ezinokuba luphawu lomhlaza.
I-Colonoscopy okanye i-sigmoidoscopy. Zombini ezi mvavanyo zisebenzisa ityhubhu encinci enekhamera ukujonga ngaphakathi kwikholoni yakho. I-colonoscopy ivumela umboneleli wakho ukuba abone ikholoni yakho yonke. I-sigmoidoscopy ibonisa kuphela inxalenye esezantsi yekholoni yakho.
I-CT colonography, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-“virtual colonoscopy.” Kolu vavanyo, uhlala usela idayi ngaphambi kokuba wenze i-CT scan esebenzisa i-x-rays ukuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezi-3-dimensional yekholoni yakho yonke kunye ne-rectum.
Kukho izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ngohlobo ngalunye lovavanyo. Umboneleli wakho angakunceda ufumane ukuba loluphi uvavanyo olukulungeleyo.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo lwegazi oluvela kwindle?
Ngokwesiqhelo, umboneleli wakho uza kukunika ikhithi yokuqokelela iisampulu zendle yakho ekhaya. Le khithi iza kuquka imiyalelo yokwenza uvavanyo.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zovavanyo lwegazi oluvela kwindle:

Uvavanyo lwegazi olusebenzisa i-guaiac fecal occult blood (gFOBT) lusebenzisa ikhemikhali (guaiac) ukufumana igazi kwindle. Ngokuqhelekileyo lufuna iisampuli zendle ezivela kwiintshukumo zamathumbu ezimbini okanye ezintathu ezahlukeneyo.
Uvavanyo lwe-immunochemical yendle (iFOBT okanye i-FIT) lusebenzisa ii-antibodies ukufumana igazi kwindle. Uphando lubonisa ukuba uvavanyo lwe-FIT lungcono ekufumaneni umhlaza we-colorectal kunovavanyo lwe-gFOBT. Uvavanyo lwe-FIT lufuna iisampulu zendle ukusuka kwintshukumo enye ukuya kwezintathu ezahlukeneyo zamathumbu, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lovavanyo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo eza nesixhobo sakho sokuvavanya. Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokuqokelela isampuli yesitulo idla ngokuquka la manyathelo aqhelekileyo:

Ukuqokelela intshukumo yokuhambisa isisu. Isixhobo sakho singabandakanya iphepha elikhethekileyo lokubeka phezu kwendlu yakho yangasese ukuze ubambe intshukumo yakho yokuhambisa isisu. Okanye ungasebenzisa iplastiki okanye isitya esicocekileyo nesomileyo. Ukuba wenza uvavanyo lwe-guaiac, lumka ungavumeli naluphi na umchamo udibane nendle yakho.
Ukuthatha isampuli yendle ekufudumaleni. Isixhobo sakho siza kuquka intonga yomthi okanye ibhrashi yokufaka ukuze ukrwele isampuli yendle ekufudumaleni kwakho. Landela imiyalelo yendawo oza kuyiqokelela kuyo isampuli ekufudumaleni.
Ukulungiselela isampuli yendle. Uza kuthambisa indle kwikhadi lovavanyo elikhethekileyo okanye ufake isixhobo esifake isampuli yendle kwityhubhu eza nekhithi yakho.
Ukubhala iilebheli kunye nokuvala isampuli njengoko kuyalelwe.
Ukuphinda uvavanyo kwintshukumo yakho yokuthulula isisu elandelayo njengoko kuyalelwe ukuba kufuneka iisampulu ezingaphezu kwesinye.
Ukuthumela iisampulu ngeposi njengoko kuyalelwe.
Ngaba kuza kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukuze ndilungiselele uvavanyo?
Uvavanyo lwe-fecal immunochemical (FIT) alufuni naluphi na ulungiselelo, kodwa uvavanyo lwegazi olusebenzisa i-guaiac fecal occult blood (gFOBT) luyafuna. Ngaphambi kokuba wenze uvavanyo lwe-gFOBT, umboneleli wakho angakucela ukuba uphephe ukutya okuthile kunye namayeza anokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo.

Kangangeentsuku ezisixhenxe ngaphambi kovavanyo, unokufuna ukuphepha:

Amayeza angengowe-steroidal, alwa nokuvuvukala (ii-NSAID), anjenge-ibuprofen, i-naproxen, kunye ne-aspirin. Ukuba uthatha i-aspirin yeengxaki zentliziyo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uyeke amayeza akho. Usenokukwazi ukusela i-acetaminophen ngeli xesha kodwa jonga nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uwathathe.
I-Vitamin C ingaphezulu kwe-250 mg ngosuku. Oku kuquka i-vitamin C evela kwizithako ezongezelelweyo, iijusi zeziqhamo, okanye iziqhamo.
Kwiintsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kovavanyo, kuya kufuneka uziphephe:

Inyama ebomvu, njengenyama yenkomo, yegusha, neyengulube. Iingceba zegazi ezivela kwezi nyama zinokubonakala esitulweni sakho.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi kuvavanyo?
Akukho mngcipheko waziwayo wokuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwegazi oluvela kwindle.

Zithetha ukuthini iziphumo?
Ukuba iziphumo zakho zovavanyo lwegazi oluqhutywa yindle zibonisa ukuba unegazi kwindle yakho, oko kuthetha ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba unesifo sokopha kwenye indawo kwindlela yakho yokugaya ukutya. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba unesifo somhlaza. Ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela igazi kwindle yakho ziquka izilonda, ii-hemorrhoids, ii-polyps, kunye neethumba ezingezizo zomhlaza.

Ukuba unegazi esitulweni sakho, ugqirha wakho uya kucebisa ukuba kwenziwe olunye uvavanyo ukuze kufunyaniswe indawo echanekileyo kunye nesizathu sokopha kwakho. Uvavanyo olulandelayo oluqhelekileyo yi-colonoscopy. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga neziphumo zovavanyo lwakho, thetha nogqirha wakho.

Funda ngakumbi malunga novavanyo lwelabhoratri, uluhlu lwezalathiso, kunye neziphumo zokuqonda.

Ngaba kukho enye into endifanele ndiyazi malunga novavanyo lwegazi oluvela kwindle?
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo komhlaza wesisu, njengovavanyo lwegazi oluvela kwindle, sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ekulweni nomhlaza. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba uvavanyo lokuhlola lunokunceda ekufumaneni umhlaza kwangethuba kwaye lunokunciphisa ukufa ngenxa yesi sifo.

Ukuba ugqiba ekubeni usebenzise uvavanyo lwegazi oluvela kwindle ukuze uhlole umhlaza wakho we-colorectal, kuya kufuneka wenze uvavanyo rhoqo ngonyaka.

Ungathenga izixhobo zokuqokelela i-gFOBT kunye ne-FIT ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha. Uninzi lwezi vavanyo lufuna ukuba uthumele isampuli ye-tube yakho kwilebhu. Kodwa ezinye iimvavanyo zingenziwa ekhaya ngokupheleleyo ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezikhawulezayo. Ukuba ucinga ngokuthenga uvavanyo lwakho, buza umboneleli wakho ukuba loluphi olukulungeleyo.

Bonisa iireferensi
Izihloko zeMpilo ezinxulumene noko
Umhlaza weColorectal
Ukopha kwamathumbu
Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluhambelanayo
I-Anoscopy
Uvavanyo lwezonyango ekhaya
Uvavanyo lokuhlola umhlaza we-Colorectal
Indlela Yokujongana Nokuxhalaba Kovavanyo Lwezonyango
Indlela Yokulungiselela Uvavanyo Lwelebhu
Indlela Yokuqonda Iziphumo Zakho ZeLebhu
Uvavanyo lwe-Osmolality
Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe (i-WBC) esitulweni
Ulwazi olukule sayithi alufanele lusetyenziswe endaweni yonyango okanye ingcebiso yobungcali. Nxibelelana nomboneleli wezempilo ukuba unemibuzo malunga nempilo yakho.