I-HIV, igama elipheleleyo le-human immunodeficiency virus yintsholongwane ehlasela iiseli ezinceda umzimba ukulwa nosulelo, nto leyo eyenza umntu abe sesichengeni ngakumbi sokufumana ezinye izifo. Isasazeka ngokudibana nolwelo oluthile lomntu one-HIV. Njengoko sonke sisazi, Isasazeka kakhulu ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo elingakhuselekanga (isondo ngaphandle kwekhondom okanye amayeza e-HIV okuthintela okanye ukunyanga i-HIV), okanye ngokwabelana ngezixhobo zamayeza okujova, njl.

Ukuba ayinyangwanga,I-HIVkunokukhokelela kwisifo i-AIDS (i-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), esisifo esibi kakhulu kuthi sonke.

Umzimba womntu awukwazi ukuyisusa i-HIV kwaye akukho nyango lusebenzayo lwe-HIV. Ngoko ke, wakuba unesifo se-HIV, unokuba naso ubomi bakho bonke.

Ngethamsanqa, nangona kunjalo, unyango olusebenzayo ngamayeza e-HIV (olubizwa ngokuba yi-antiretroviral therapy okanye i-ART) luyafumaneka ngoku. Ukuba lusetyenziswa njengoko kumiselwe, amayeza e-HIV anokunciphisa inani le-HIV egazini (elikwabizwa ngokuba ngumthwalo wentsholongwane) liye kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukunciphisa intsholongwane. Ukuba umthwalo wentsholongwane womntu uphantsi kangangokuba ilebhu eqhelekileyo ayinakukwazi ukuwubona, oku kubizwa ngokuba nomthwalo wentsholongwane ongabonakaliyo. Abantu abane-HIV abathatha amayeza e-HIV njengoko kumiselwe kwaye bafumana kwaye bagcine umthwalo wentsholongwane ongabonakaliyo banokuphila ubomi obude nobunempilo kwaye abayi kuyidlulisela i-HIV kumaqabane abo angenayo i-HIV ngesondo.

Ukongeza, kukwakho neendlela ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzayo zokuthintela ukufumana i-HIV ngokusebenzisa isondo okanye iziyobisi, kuquka i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), amayeza abantu abasengozini yokufumana i-HIV abawasebenzisayo ukuthintela ukufumana i-HIV ngokusebenzisa iziyobisi ngokwesondo okanye ngenaliti, kunye ne-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), amayeza e-HIV athathwa kwiiyure ezingama-72 emva kokuba echaphazelekile ukuthintela intsholongwane ukuba ingangeni.

Yintoni i-AIDS?
I-AIDS linqanaba lokugqibela losulelo lwe-HIV oluvela xa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yonakele kakhulu ngenxa yentsholongwane.

E-US, uninzi lwabantu abane-HIV abafumani i-AIDS. Isizathu kukuba bathatha amayeza e-HIV njengoko kuchaziwe, oku kuyayithintela inkqubela yesi sifo ukuze kuthintelwe oku.

Umntu one-HIV uthathwa njengoye wafikelela kwi-AIDS xa:

inani leeseli ze-CD4 zabo liwela ngaphantsi kweeseli ezingama-200 nge-cubic millimeter yegazi (iiseli ezingama-200/mm3). (Kumntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela esempilweni, amanani e-CD4 aphakathi kweeseli ezingama-500 kunye ne-1,600/mm3.) Okanye baphuhlisa usulelo olunye okanye ngaphezulu olungenamsebenzi nokuba inani labo le-CD4 lingakanani na.
Ngaphandle kwamayeza e-HIV, abantu abane-AIDS bahlala bephila iminyaka emi-3 kuphela. Xa umntu enesifo esiyingozi esinokubangela amathuba, ixesha lokuphila ngaphandle konyango lihla liye kunyaka omnye. Amayeza e-HIV anokunceda abantu abakweli nqanaba losulelo lwe-HIV, kwaye anokusindisa ubomi. Kodwa abantu abaqala amayeza e-HIV emva nje kokuba befumene i-HIV bafumana iingenelo ezingaphezulu. Yiyo loo nto uvavanyo lwe-HIV lubaluleke kangaka kuthi sonke.

Ndingayazi Njani Ukuba Ndine-HIV?
Eyona ndlela yokwazi ukuba une-HIV kukuvavanya. Uvavanyo lulula kwaye lulula. Ungacela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba akunike uvavanyo lwe-HIV. Iikliniki ezininzi zonyango, iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, amaziko empilo oluntu. Ukuba awufumaneki kuzo zonke ezi zinto, isibhedlele naso sikhetho olufanelekileyo kuwe.

Ukuzivavanya nge-HIVKwakhona yindlela yokukhetha. Ukuzivavanya kuvumela abantu ukuba bathathe uvavanyo lwe-HIV baze bafumane iziphumo zabo emakhayeni abo okanye kwenye indawo yabucala. Inkampani yethu iphuhlisa ukuzivavanya ngoku. Uvavanyo lwasekhaya kunye novavanyo lwasekhaya oluncinci kulindeleke ukuba ludibane nani nonke kunyaka ozayo. Masibalinde kunye!