Ruzivo rweMamiriro Ekare

Maantigen emasero matsvuku eropa evanhu anokamurwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zveropa zvichienderana nehunhu hwavo uye kukosha kwemajini. Mamwe marudzi eropa haawirirane nemamwe marudzi eropa uye nzira chete yekuponesa hupenyu hwemurwere panguva yekuwedzerwa ropa ndeyekupa anogamuchira ropa rakakodzera kubva kumupi. Kuisirwa ropa nemarudzi eropa asingawirirane kunogona kukonzera kusawirirana kweropa kunogona kutyisidzira hupenyu. Sisitimu yeboka reropa reABO ndiyo sisitimu yeboka reropa inonyanya kukosha yekurapa yekuisa nhengo, uye sisitimu yekunyora ropa reRh ndeimwe sisitimu yeboka reropa yechipiri chete kune boka reropa reABO mukuisirwa ropa kwekiriniki. Sisitimu yeRhD ndiyo inonyanya kurwisa maantigen. Kuwedzera kune kuisirwa ropa, pamuviri nemwana kusawirirana kweboka reropa reRh kune njodzi yechirwere chehemolytic chevacheche, uye kuongororwa kwemapoka eropa reABO neRh kwave kuitwa nguva dzose. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) ipuroteni yekunze kwehutachiona hwehepatitis B uye haina kutapurirana pachayo, asi kuvapo kwayo kunowanzoenderana nekuvapo kwehutachiona hwehepatitis B, saka chiratidzo chekuti wakatapukirwa nehutachiona hwehepatitis B. Inogona kuwanikwa muropa remurwere, mate, mukaka wezamu, ziya, misodzi, kubuda kwemumhino, urume uye kubuda kwenhengo dzemukadzi. Mhedzisiro yakanaka inogona kuyerwa muropa mwedzi miviri kusvika mitanhatu mushure mekutapukirwa nehutachiona hwehepatitis B uye kana alanine aminotransferase yakwira mavhiki maviri kusvika masere zvisati zvaitika. Varwere vazhinji vane hepatitis B yakaoma vachazoonekwa vasina chirwere pakutanga kwechirwere, nepo varwere vane hepatitis B isingaperi vanogona kuramba vaine mhedzisiro yakanaka yechiratidzo ichi. Syphilis chirwere chisingaperi chinotapuriranwa chinokonzerwa netreponema pallidum spirochete, iyo inotapuriranwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekuita zvepabonde zvakananga. tp inogonawo kutapurirwa kuchizvarwa chinotevera kuburikidza neplacenta, zvichikonzera kuberekwa kwevana vakafa, kuberekwa kwevana vasati vasvika nguva, uye vacheche vane syphilitic congenital. Nguva yekuzvitakura kwetp mazuva 9-90, neavhareji yemavhiki matatu. Kurwara kunowanzo kuve mavhiki maviri kusvika mana mushure mekutapukirwa nesyphilis. Muzvirwere zvakajairika, TP-IgM inogona kuonekwa kutanga yonyangarika mushure mekurapwa zvinobudirira, nepo TP-IgG inogona kuonekwa mushure mekuonekwa kweIgM uye inogona kuvapo kwenguva yakareba. Kuonekwa kwehutachiona hweTP kuchiri chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakuongororwa kwekiriniki kusvika pari zvino. Kuonekwa kwehutachiona hweTP kwakakosha pakudzivirira kutapurirana kweTP uye kurapwa nehutachiona hweTP.
AIDS, muchidimbu zvinoreva Acquired lmmuno Deficiency Syndrame, chirwere chinotapukira chisingaperi uye chinouraya chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hweHIV (human immunodeficiency virus) hunotapuriranwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekuita zvepabonde uye kugovana sirinji, pamwe nekutapurirana kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana uye kutapurirana ropa. Kuongororwa kwehutachiona hweHIV kwakakosha pakudzivirira kutapurirana kweHIV uye kurapa ma antibodies eHIV. Hepatitis C yehutachiona, inonzi hepatitis C, hepatitis C, ihepatitis yehutachiona inokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehepatitis C (HCV), inonyanya kutapuriranwa kuburikidza nekuwedzerwa ropa, kupinza netsono, kushandisa mishonga, nezvimwewo. Sekureva kweWorld Health Organization, huwandu hwehutachiona hweHCV pasi rose hunosvika 3%, uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 180 vanotapukirwa neHCV, nezviitiko zvitsva zvinosvika 35,000 zvehepatitis C gore rega rega. Hepatitis C yapararira pasi rose uye inogona kutungamira kuchirwere chisingaperi chekuputika uye fibrosis yechiropa, uye vamwe varwere vanogona kutanga cirrhosis kana kunyange hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Huwandu hwevanhu vanofa nekuda kwehutachiona hweHCV (rufu nekuda kwekutadza kushanda kwechiropa uye kenza yeropa) hucharamba huchikwira mumakore makumi maviri anotevera, zvichikonzera njodzi huru kuhutano nehupenyu hwevarwere, uye rave dambudziko guru rehutano hwevanhu neveruzhinji. Kuonekwa kwema antibodies ehutachiona hwehepatitis C sechiratidzo chakakosha chehepatitis C kwagara kuchikosheswa nekuongororwa kwekiriniki uye parizvino ndeimwe yezvishandiso zvakakosha zvekuongorora hepatitis C.