Mātauranga Papamuri

Ka whakarōpūhia ngā antigen toto whero tangata ki ētahi pūnaha rōpū toto e ai ki tō rātou āhua me te hononga ira. Kāore ētahi momo toto e hototahi ki ētahi atu momo toto, ā, ko te huarahi anake hei whakaora i te ora o te tūroro i te wā o te whakawhiti toto ko te hoatu i te toto tika mai i te kaituku ki te kaiwhiwhi. Ka hua pea i ngā whakawhiti toto me ngā momo toto kāore e hototahi he tauhohenga whakawhiti toto hemolytic e morearea ana ki te ora. Ko te pūnaha rōpū toto ABO te pūnaha rōpū toto ārahi haumanu tino nui mō te whakawhitinga okana, ā, ko te pūnaha momo rōpū toto Rh tētahi atu pūnaha rōpū toto tuarua ki te rōpū toto ABO i roto i te whakawhiti toto haumanu. Ko te pūnaha RhD te mea tino antigenic o ēnei pūnaha. Haunga ngā mea e pā ana ki te whakawhiti toto, ko ngā haputanga me te kore hototahi rōpū toto Rh a te whaea-tamaiti kei te mōrearea ki te mate hemolytic pēpi, ā, kua waiho hei mahi noa te tirotiro mō ngā rōpū toto ABO me Rh. Ko te antigen mata Hepatitis B (HBsAg) te pūmua anga o waho o te huaketo Hepatitis B, ā, ehara i te mea pangia i a ia anō, engari he maha ngā wā ka haere tahi tōna aroaro me te aroaro o te huaketo Hepatitis B, nō reira he tohu kua pangia koe e te huaketo Hepatitis B. Ka kitea i roto i te toto o te tūroro, te huware, te waiū ū, te werawera, ngā roimata, ngā hinu ihu, te purapura me ngā hinu tara. Ka taea te ine i ngā hua pai i roto i te toto toto 2 ki te 6 marama i muri i te pangia e te huaketo hepatitis B, ā, ina teitei ake te alanine aminotransferase 2 ki te 8 wiki i mua atu. Ko te nuinga o ngā tūroro e pangia ana e te hepatitis B whakapeka ka huri hei kino i te tīmatanga o te mate, engari ko ngā tūroro e pangia ana e te hepatitis B mau tonu ka mau tonu ngā hua pai mō tēnei tohu. Ko te Syphilis he mate hopuhopu mau tonu i puta mai i te treponema pallidum spirochete, e horahia ana mā te taatai ​​tika. Ka taea hoki te hora i te tp ki te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei mā te whenua whānau, ka puta he whānautanga mate, he whānautanga wawe, me ngā pēpi syphilitic whānau. Ko te wā whakatipu mō te tp he 9-90 rā, me te toharite o te 3 wiki. Ko te mate he 2-4 wiki i muri i te pangia o te syphilis. I roto i ngā mate urutā noa, ka kitea tuatahitia te TP-IgM, ā, ka ngaro atu i muri i te maimoatanga whai hua, ko te TP-IgG ia ka kitea i muri i te putanga mai o te IgM, ā, ka roa ake te noho. Ko te kitenga o te mate TP tētahi o ngā pūtake o te tātaritanga haumanu tae noa ki tēnei wā. He mea nui te kitenga o ngā paturopi TP hei ārai i te tuku TP me te maimoatanga ki ngā paturopi TP.
Ko te AIDS, he whakarāpopototanga mō te Acquired lmmuno Deficiency Syndrame, he mate pāwera mau tonu, he mate whakamate hoki i puta mai i te huaketo ārai mate tangata (HIV), e horapa ana mā te moepuku me te tiritiri i ngā werowero, tae atu ki te tuku mai i te whaea ki te tamaiti me te tuku toto. He mea nui te whakamātautau paturopi HIV mō te aukati i te tuku HIV me te rongoā i ngā paturopi HIV. Ko te hepatitis C huaketo, e kiia nei ko te hepatitis C, hepatitis C, he hepatitis huaketo i puta mai i te mate huaketo hepatitis C (HCV), e horapa ana mā te whakawhiti toto, te wero ngira, te whakamahi tarukino, me ētahi atu. E ai ki te World Health Organization, ko te reiti mate HCV o te ao he tata ki te 3%, ā, e kiia ana he tata ki te 180 miriona tāngata e pangia ana e te HCV, me te tata ki te 35,000 ngā kēhi hou o te hepatitis C i ia tau. He whānui te mate hepatitis C puta noa i te ao, ā, ka arahi pea ki te necrosis mumura mau tonu me te fibrosis o te ate, ā, ka taea e ētahi tūroro te whakawhanake i te cirrhosis, i te hepatocellular carcinoma rānei (HCC). Ka piki haere tonu te maha o ngā mate e pā ana ki te mate HCV (te mate nā te ngoikore o te ate me te mate pukupuku hepato-cellular) i roto i ngā tau 20 e whai ake nei, ka waiho hei mōrearea nui ki te hauora me te oranga o ngā tūroro, ā, kua waiho hei raruraru nui ki te hauora pāpori me te hauora tūmatanui. Ko te kitenga o ngā paturopi huaketo hepatitis C hei tohu nui mō te hepatitis C kua roa e aromatawaihia ana e ngā whakamātautau haumanu, ā, i tēnei wā ko tētahi o ngā taputapu tātaritanga tāpiri tino nui mō te hepatitis C.