Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura

Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura (CRC, harimo na kanseri y'inkondo y'umura na kanseri y'inkondo y'umura) ni imwe mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara mu nzira y'igifu.

Kanseri y'igifu mu Bushinwa yabaye "umuti wa mbere mu gihugu" w'indwara z'igifu, hafi 50% by'abarwayi ba kanseri y'igifu bakomoka mu Bushinwa, naho 60% by'abarwayi bo hagati n'aba nyuma.

Nubwo hari uwanduye cyangwa impfu nyinshi, umubare w’abarwaye kanseri y’igifu warenze kanseri y’ibihaha. Kanseri yo mu mara ni yo yoroshye gukira kurusha izindi kanseri zose binyuze mu gupimwa hakiri kare. Ni yo ntandaro ya mbere y’abantu yatsinze kanseri. 5% gusa bya kanseri yo mu mara yo mu Bushinwa ni yo yasuzumwe hakiri kare, naho 60-70% by’abarwayi ba kanseri yo mu mara bagaragaye ko bafite uduce duto cyangwa ibice bya metastases biri kure. Igipimo cyo kongera kugaragara kwa kanseri cyari hejuru ya 30%.

Ubuyapani na Koreya y'Epfo nabyo ni ibihugu bifite umubare munini w'abantu barwara kanseri y'igifu, ariko igipimo cyabo cyo kuyisuzuma hakiri kare ni 50-60%, kandi abarenga 90% by'abarwayi bashobora gukira. Ubushakashatsi bwo mu gihugu no mu mahanga bwerekana ko ingamba zo gupima kanseri y'igifu gishobora kugabanya umubare w'abarwara kanseri y'igifu n'impfu.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, uretse u Burayi, Amerika ya Ruguru, Ubuyapani, Singapuru, Koreya y'Epfo, Tayiwani, na Hong Kong, habayeho isuzuma rikomeye ry’igihugu riyobowe na leta. Gusuzuma hakiri kare kanseri y’igifu bitanga amahirwe yo gukira burundu, bifite akamaro kanini mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage n’agaciro k’isoko.

Kugaragara kwa kanseri y'inkondo y'umura ni inzira ndende. Kuva kuri polyps kugeza kuri hyperplasia idasanzwe kugeza kuri kanseri, akenshi bifata igihe kirekire, ibyo bikaba bitanga igihe cyo gusuzuma kanseri y'inkondo y'umura. Gusuzuma no kuvura hakiri kare bishobora kugabanya umubare w'abarwara kanseri ku kigero cya 60% n'impfu ku kigero cya 80%.

2, Akamaro ka calprotectin mu gusuzuma imikorere y'amara

Calprotectin ni poroteyine ihuza kalisiyumu na zinki ikomoka kuri neutrophils na macrophages, ifite uburemere bwa molekile 36.000, heterodimer ikorwa n'ihuriro ridafite covalent ry'urunigi ruremereye MRP14 n'urunigi rumwe rworoheje MRP8, rugizwe na S100. Poroteyine yo mu muryango.

Binyuze mu nyandiko z’ubushakashatsi bwinshi no kugenzura ubuvuzi, calprotectin ifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya kanseri y’inkondo y’umura kandi ntabwo iterwa n’ikigero cy’ikibyimba, gishobora kuboneka mu gihe cyo hambere cyangwa mu gihe kitagaragaza ibimenyetso. Ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikimenyetso cyo gusuzuma kanseri y’inkondo y’umura.

Uburyo bwo gupima amaraso y’inkende, ikizamini cy’amaraso y’inkende n’amaraso y’amaraso ya CEA mu maraso byari 88.51%, 83.91% na 44.83%, uko bikurikirana. Igipimo cyiza cy’ikizamini cy’amaraso y’inkende n’amaraso ya CEA mu maraso ku barwayi bafite icyiciro cya D n’icyiciro cya A cyari gito cyane ugereranyije n’icy’abarwayi bafite icyiciro cya C na D. Nta tandukaniro rigaragara ku gipimo cyiza cy’ikizamini cy’amaraso ya calprotectin ku barwayi bafite icyiciro gitandukanye cya Dukes.

Ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma kanseri y'inkari mu mara bugera kuri 92.7%, naho agaciro ka NPV kari hasi kagera kuri 98.6%. Calprotectin mu mara irandura kanseri y'inkari, ≥10mm polyps mu mara irandura, agaciro kose ka NPV kageze kuri 97.2%.

Kugeza ubu, ibihugu birenga 20 nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubwongereza, Kanada, Ubufaransa, Ubudage, n'Ubusuwisi byakoresheje calprotectin nk'ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyo gusuzuma indwara z'amara ziterwa n'ububyimbirwe na kanseri mu bantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z'amara, kandi bigasuzuma indwara z'amara ziterwa n'ububyimbirwe. Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi bifatika kandi bivura bikoreshwa cyane mu buvuzi.

3, Ibyiza bya calprotectin n'amaraso y'inkazi hamwe no gupima ibyago bya kanseri y'amara.

1. Byoroshye gukoresha: icyitegererezo kimwe, ibisubizo byinshi by'ibizamini
2. Ntibyongera ingorane mu mikorere n'ikiguzi cy'igikoresho: igikoresho gishyirwamo, kandi ibikoresho bifite ibikoresho hakurikijwe ibisabwa.
3. Ubushobozi bwo kumva no kugaragaza umwihariko: igipimo cy'ububyimbirwe, kuva amaraso mu gifu
4. Gusuzuma hakiri kare: byongera amahirwe yo gusuzuma adenocarcinoma na polyps
5. Igiciro gito cyo kuvumbura, gishobora gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo gusohora amazi mu gikanu cy'imbere mu mubiri
6. Gukomeza: isuzuma ry'itsinda ngarukamwaka

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya kanseri y'inkondo y'umura:

Kubyimba amara – calprotectin, Dukes ni icyiciro cya A na B abarwayi bafite amaraso y’umwimerere kandi igipimo cya CEA mu mara kiri hasi cyane ugereranije n’abarwayi bafite icyiciro cya C na D, Dukes ibyiciro bitandukanye by’umurwayi, igipimo cya calprotectin mu mara Itandukaniro rikomeye.

Kuva amaraso mu gifu - amaraso y’indengakamere, transferrin. Kuva amaraso mu gifu bivuga kubura amaraso binyuze mu gifu kubera impamvu zitandukanye. Impamvu zikunze kugaragara zirimo kubyimba kw'igifu ubwacyo, kwangirika k'imikorere, indwara z'imitsi, ikibyimba, n'indwara zo mu nda mu gifu. Gupima amaraso y’indengakamere ni uburyo busanzwe kandi bw'ingenzi bwo gusuzuma kuva amaraso mu gifu.

4, Uburyo bwo gutahura umwanda wa calprotectin

Igikoresho cyacu cyo gupima calprotectin (uburyo bwa colloidal gold) gishobora gukoreshwa cyonyine kugira ngo hamenyekane calprotectin mu buryo bungana mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo mu mwanda w'umuntu. Gishobora kandi gukoreshwa hamwe n'urutonde rwa WIZ rw'ibizamini by'umubiri.

Igikoresho cyo gupima indwara za calprotectin (fluorescence immunochromatography) gishobora kubona uburyo bwo gupima, kumenya imibare neza, no kumenya neza uburyo indwara zo mu mara zigaragara.

Uburyo bwo gupima amaraso y’abantu (colloidal gold method) bukoreshwa mu gupima hemoglobine y’umuntu mu mwanda w’umuntu, bukaba bukwiriye mu gusuzuma amaraso ava mu gifu.