Ubumenyi bw'ibanze

Antigens z'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso y'umuntu zishyirwa mu byiciro bitandukanye by'amatsinda y'amaraso bitewe n'imiterere yazo n'akamaro kazo mu maraso. Amwe mu moko y'amaraso ntahuye n'andi moko y'amaraso kandi uburyo bwonyine bwo kurokora ubuzima bw'umurwayi mu gihe cyo guterwa amaraso ni uguha uwahawe amaraso akwiye aturutse ku muntu utanga amaraso. Guterwa amaraso mu moko y'amaraso adahuye bishobora gutera ingaruka zo guterwa amaraso mu buryo bushobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Sisitemu y'amatsinda y'amaraso ya ABO ni yo sisitemu y'ingenzi cyane y'amatsinda y'amaraso mu gutera ingingo, kandi sisitemu y'amatsinda y'amaraso ya Rh ni indi sisitemu y'amatsinda y'amaraso ya kabiri nyuma y'itsinda ry'amaraso rya ABO mu guterwa amaraso mu buryo busanzwe. Sisitemu ya RhD niyo ifite antigen nyinshi muri izi sisitemu. Uretse guterwa amaraso, gutwita inda z'amaraso ya Rh ku mwana biva ku mubyeyi bitera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'amaraso mu gihe cy'impinja, kandi gusuzuma amatsinda y'amaraso ya ABO na Rh byakozwe nk'ibisanzwe. Antigen y'umwijima wa B (HBsAg) ni poroteyine yo hanze ya virusi ya hepatite B kandi ntabwo yandura ubwayo, ariko kubaho kwayo akenshi biherekezwa no kuba hari virusi ya hepatite B, bityo ni ikimenyetso cy'uko wanduye virusi ya hepatite B. Ishobora kuboneka mu maraso y'umurwayi, mu macandwe, mu mashereka, mu byuya, mu masohoro, mu misemburo no mu gitsina. Ibisubizo byiza bishobora gupimwa mu maraso nyuma y'amezi 2 kugeza kuri 6 nyuma yo kwandura virusi ya hepatite B no mu gihe alanine aminotransferase yiyongereye ibyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 8 mbere. Abarwayi benshi ba hepatite B ikomeye bazagaragara ko ari bazima mu ntangiriro z'iyi ndwara, mu gihe abarwayi ba hepatite B idakira bashobora gukomeza kugira ibisubizo byiza kuri iki kimenyetso. Sifi ni indwara idakira yandura iterwa na treponema pallidum spirochete, yandurira cyane cyane binyuze mu gukorana imibonano mpuzabitsina. tp ishobora kandi kwandurira mu gisekuru gikurikiraho binyuze mu nyababyeyi, bigatuma habaho kubyara abana bapfuye, kubyara abana batageze igihe, no ku bana bavutse bafite syphilite. Igihe cyo kwibaruka kuri tp ni iminsi 9-90, hamwe n'impuzandengo y'ibyumweru 3. Indwara akenshi iba nyuma y'ibyumweru 2-4 nyuma yo kwandura sifi. Mu ndwara zisanzwe, TP-IgM irashobora kubanza kumenyekana ikabura nyuma yo kuvurwa neza, mu gihe TP-IgG ishobora kumenyekana nyuma yo kugaragara kwa IgM kandi ikabaho igihe kirekire. Gutahura ubwandu bwa TP biracyari kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu gusuzuma indwara kugeza ubu. Gusuzuma ubudahangarwa bwa TP ni ingenzi mu gukumira kwandura kwa TP no kuvura ubudahangarwa bwa TP.
SIDA, mu magambo make, Acquired lmmuno Deficiency Syndrame, ni indwara idakira kandi yica yandura iterwa na virusi itera SIDA, yandura ahanini binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina no gusangira inshinge, ndetse no kwanduzanya amaraso hagati ya nyina n'umwana. Gupima ubudahangarwa bwa virusi itera SIDA ni ingenzi mu gukumira kwandura virusi itera SIDA no kuvura ubudahangarwa bwa virusi itera SIDA. Ubudahangarwa bwa virusi ya Hepatite C, yitwa Hepatite C, ni indwara ya Hepatite C iterwa na virusi itera Hepatite C (HCV), yandura ahanini binyuze mu guterwa amaraso, guterwa urushinge, gukoresha imiti, nibindi. Nk'uko Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima ubivuga, igipimo cy'ubwandu bwa HCV ku isi kiri hafi 3%, kandi bivugwa ko abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 180 bandura HCV, aho abantu bagera ku 35.000 bandura hepatite C buri mwaka. Hepatite C ikwirakwira ku isi yose kandi ishobora gutera indwara idakira yo kubyimba no kurwara umwijima, kandi bamwe mu barwayi bashobora kurwara cirrhose cyangwa kanseri y'umwijima (HCC). Impfu zijyanye n'ubwandu bwa HCV (urupfu ruterwa no kunanirwa k'umwijima na kanseri y'umwijima) zizakomeza kwiyongera mu myaka 20 iri imbere, bigatera akaga gakomeye ku buzima n'ubuzima bw'abarwayi, kandi byabaye ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima rusange no mu mibereho myiza y'abaturage. Gutahura ubudahangarwa bwa virusi ya hepatite C nk'ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cya hepatite C bimaze igihe kinini bihabwa agaciro n'ibizamini by'ubuvuzi kandi ubu ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi byo gusuzuma hepatite C.