Hemoglobin (Hb) wani hadadden furotin ne mai dauke da ƙarfe wanda ke zaune a cikin erythrocytes (ƙwayoyin jini ja). Babban aikinsa na jiki - ɗaurewar iskar oxygen mai juyawa da jigilar shi daga alveoli na huhu zuwa kyallen jiki na gefe, tare da jigilar carbon dioxide - yana sa ya zama dole don numfashin ƙwayoyin halitta da kuma daidaita yanayin rayuwa. Saboda haka, auna yawan haemoglobin a dakin gwaje-gwaje ya zama ɗaya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen ganewar asali da aka fi tsarawa akai-akai kuma na asibiti. Muhimmancinsa ya wuce gano cutar anemia cikin sauƙi; yana aiki azaman kayan aikin tantancewa mai mahimmanci, kamfas na ganewar asali, alamar hasashen cututtuka na yau da kullun, da kuma ma'aunin yanke shawara mai mahimmanci a cikin kulawar perioperative da oncological.

Babban Binciken da Amfanin Ganewa

Muhimmancin gwajin haemoglobin ya ta'allaka ne da ikonsa na auna ƙarfin ɗaukar iskar oxygen a cikin jini. Bambanci daga jerin abubuwan da aka kafa - gabaɗaya 130-175 g/L ga maza manya da 115-150 g/L ga mata marasa juna biyu - suna aiki a matsayin alamar farko ta ja ga yanayi biyu masu bambanci. Yawan da ke ƙasa da ƙasa yana nuna rashin jini, yanayin da ake siffanta shi da rashin isasshen iskar oxygen a cikin kyallen jiki wanda ke bayyana a asibiti kamar gajiya, fatar jiki, rashin isasshen iskar oxygen, da kuma raunin fahimta. A cikin mawuyacin hali (Hb < 70 g/L), wannan yanayin rashin isasshen iskar oxygen yana sanya nauyi mai yawa akan tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, wanda zai iya haifar da gazawar zuciya mai yawa. Akasin haka, yawan da ya wuce iyaka ta sama yana nuna erythrocytosis, wanda ke ƙara yawan danko na jini kuma yana ƙara haɗarin thromboembolic sosai, yana haifar da marasa lafiya ga haɗarin cerebrovascular da thrombosis na jijiyoyin jini.

Gano Bambancin Tasirin Erythrocyte

Duk da cewa cikakken ƙimar haemoglobin yana nuna kasancewar wani yanayi na rashin lafiya, ainihin ƙarfin ganewar sa yana fitowa lokacin da aka fassara shi tare da ma'aunin ƙwayoyin jinin ja - musamman, Matsakaicin Girman Jiki (MCV) da Matsakaicin Haemoglobin Jiki (MCH). Wannan rarrabuwar siffa ita ce ginshiƙin binciken etiological. Tsarin microcytic hypochromic profile (ƙarancin MCV da MCH) yana nuna ƙarancin ƙarfe, wanda galibi yana tasowa daga zubar jini na hanji ko menorrhagia, ko kuma a madadin haka, yana nuna halayen thalassemia ko anemia na cututtuka na yau da kullun. Wannan bambanci yana da mahimmanci a fannin warkewa, saboda ƙarin ƙarfe mara kyau a cikin marasa lafiya na thalassemia na iya haifar da mummunan nauyin ƙarfe. Bayanin macrocytic (ƙaramin MCV) yana jagorantar zato na asibiti zuwa ga ƙarancin cobalamin (bitamin B12) ko folate, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da abubuwan da ke faruwa a jijiyoyi, ko zuwa ga cututtukan myelodysplastic. Tsarin normocytic yawanci yana haifar da aiki don zubar jini mai tsanani, hemolysis, ko gazawar ƙashi. Saboda haka, gwajin haemoglobin, tare da ma'auni, yana rage bambanci mai yawa zuwa hanyar ganewar asali.

Alamar Sentinel don Cututtukan Tsari na Dogon Lokaci

Bayan manyan matsalolin jini, sa ido kan haemoglobin a cikin jini yana aiki azaman mai tsaro mai sauƙi don ci gaban yanayi daban-daban na tsarin jiki na yau da kullun. A cikin cututtukan koda na yau da kullun (CKD), gazawar interstitium na koda yana samar da isasshen erythropoietin (EPO), wanda ke haifar da ci gaba, rashin lafiyan jiki na yau da kullun. Yawan raguwar haemoglobin yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da lalacewar aikin koda kuma yana jagorantar shawarar asibiti don fara maganin maye gurbin EPO na waje. A cikin cututtukan daji, raguwar haemoglobin mai ci gaba a cikin mara lafiya a cikin febrile sau da yawa yana nuna shigar ƙashi ta hanyar metastases ko yana wakiltar tasirin paraneoplastic na cytokines mai kumburi na yau da kullun. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin marasa lafiya da ke shan maganin myelosuppressive chemotherapy ko radiotherapy, hemoglobin nadir muhimmin ma'auni ne da likitocin oncologists ke amfani da shi don tantance daidaitawar allurai, buƙatar tallafin ƙarin jini, ko buƙatar katse magani.

Rarraba Hadari da Kulawa da Lafiya

A yanayin da ake ciki kafin tiyata, tantance haemoglobin kafin tiyata ba za a iya yin sulhu ba. Yana aiki a matsayin mai hasashen cututtukan tiyata; marasa lafiya da ke fama da rashin jini kafin tiyata suna nuna yawan kamuwa da cuta bayan tiyata, jinkirin warkar da raunuka, da kuma tsawaita zaman asibiti. Ƙungiyoyin tiyata gabaɗaya suna amfani da abin da ke haifar da zubar jini (yawanci Hb < 70-80 g/L a cikin marasa lafiya masu kwanciyar hankali) don inganta isar da iskar oxygen kafin hanyoyin da ke da haɗari sosai. Bugu da ƙari, hemoglobin shine ma'aunin zinare don kimanta ingancin magani. Misali, a cikin rashin ƙarfe, ƙaruwar da za a iya aunawa na akalla 10-20 g/L a cikin yawan Hb cikin makonni biyu zuwa huɗu bayan maganin baƙin ƙarfe na baki yana ba da shaida mai ma'ana, mai tabbatarwa na sha daga hanji da kuma amsawar ƙashi. Rashinsa yana haifar da sake kimantawa nan da nan na ganewar asali ko binciken rashin bin ƙashi.

A ƙarshe, gwajin haemoglobin ba wai kawai ma'aunin ƙidayar jini bane na yau da kullun; wani muhimmin alama ne mai fuskoki da yawa wanda ke haɗa ilimin halittar iskar oxygen tare da fahimtar cututtukan jiki. Kimantawarsa akai-akai yana ba da damar gargaɗi da wuri, daidaitaccen rarrabuwar cututtukan da ke haifar da rashin lafiya, bin diddigin cututtuka na yau da kullun, da kuma ingantaccen kulawar asibiti bisa ga shaidu a kusan dukkan fannoni na likitanci.