Hemoglobini (Hb) ni metalloprotein igizwe n'icyuma igizwe n'urusenda runini rutuye mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Umurimo wayo w'ibanze mu miterere y'umubiri - guhumeka kwa ogisijeni no kuyitwara iva mu miyoboro y'amaraso y'ibihaha ijya mu turemangingo, hamwe no gutwara dioxyde de carbone - bituma iba ingenzi cyane mu guhumeka kw'uturemangingo no mu mikorere ya metabolic. Kubera iyo mpamvu, gupima ingano ya hemoglobin muri laboratwari ni kimwe mu bipimo by'ibanze kandi bikunze gutegurwa mu buvuzi. Akamaro kayo karenze kure kumenya gusa amaraso make; ikora nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo gusuzuma, uburyo bwo gusuzuma butandukanye, ikimenyetso cy'indwara zidakira, n'igipimo cy'ingenzi cyo gufata ibyemezo mu buvuzi bwo mu gihe cyo kubaga no mu gihe cyo kurwara kanseri.

Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gusuzuma no gusuzuma indwara

Akamaro gakomeye ko gupima hemoglobine ni ubushobozi bwayo bwo gupima ubushobozi bwo gutwara ogisijeni mu maraso. Gutandukana n’ibipimo byagenwe—muri rusange 130-175 g/L ku bagabo bakuru na 115-150 g/L ku bagore badatwite—ni ikimenyetso cy’ibanze cy’indwara ebyiri zitandukanye cyane. Ingano iri munsi y’umupaka wo hasi igaragaza amaraso make, indwara irangwa no kubura amaraso mu mubiri igaragara nk’umunaniro, ububabare, kubura umwuka, no kutabasha gutekereza neza. Mu bihe bikomeye (Hb < 70 g/L), iyi mimerere yo kubura amaraso ishyira umutwaro ukabije ku mikorere y’umutima, bishobora guteza indwara y’umutima itera cyane. Ku rundi ruhande, ingano irenze umupaka wo hejuru igaragaza erythrocyte, yongera ubukana bw’amaraso kandi yongera cyane ibyago byo kubura amaraso mu mitsi, bigatuma abarwayi bagira ibyago byo kubura amaraso mu bwonko no kubura amaraso mu mitsi yo mu bwonko.

Gupima Itandukaniro Binyuze mu Bipimo bya Erythrocyte

Nubwo agaciro ka hemoglobine kuzuye kagaragaza ko hari ikibazo, imbaraga zayo nyazo zo gusuzuma zirekurwa iyo zisobanuwe hamwe n'ibipimo by'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso - cyane cyane, Igipimo cy'Ingano y'Ingano y'Ingano (MCV) na Hemoglobini y'Ingano ... Bityo, gupima hemoglobin, hamwe n'ibipimo by'amaraso, bigabanya itandukaniro rinini mu nzira yo gusuzuma indwara.

Ikimenyetso cy'indwara zidakira zo mu mubiri

Uretse indwara z’amaraso z’ibanze, gukurikirana hemoglobine mu buryo bukurikiranye bifasha mu gukomeza indwara zitandukanye zidakira. Mu ndwara zidakira z’impyiko (CKD), impyiko zikora nabi zituma amaraso adahagije (EPO), bigatuma habaho kugabanuka k’amaraso mu buryo busanzwe. Igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwa hemoglobine gifitanye isano itaziguye n’imikorere y’impyiko kandi kigena icyemezo cyo gutangiza ubuvuzi bwo gusimbuza EPO. Muri kanseri, hemoglobine idasobanutse kandi igenda igabanuka ku murwayi ufite indwara idakira akenshi igaragaza ko umwongo w’amagufwa winjira mu maraso bitewe na metastases cyangwa ikagaragaza ingaruka za paraneoplastic z’indwara zidakira zo mu maraso. Byongeye kandi, ku barwayi bahabwa imiti igabanya ubukana bwa myelosuppression cyangwa radiotherapy, hemoglobine nadir ni ikintu cy’ingenzi gikoreshwa n’abaganga ba kanseri kugira ngo bamenye uburyo bwo guhindura urugero rw’umuti, ubufasha bwo guterwa amaraso, cyangwa ko hakenewe guhagarika uburyo bwo kuvura.

Gushyira mu byiciro ingaruka no gukurikirana uburyo bwo kuvura

Mu gihe cyo kubagwa, gusuzuma hemoglobine mbere yo kubagwa ntibishobora kuganirwaho. Bikora nk'igipimo gikomeye cy'uburwayi bwo kubagwa; abarwayi bafite amaraso make mbere yo kubagwa bagaragaza umubare munini w'indwara nyuma yo kubagwa, ibikomere bitinze gukira, no kumara igihe kirekire mu bitaro. Amatsinda yo kubaga muri rusange akoresha uburyo bwo gutera amaraso (ubusanzwe Hb < 70-80 g / L ku barwayi bazima) kugira ngo bongere ubushobozi bwo gutanga ogisijeni mbere yo kubagwa mu buryo bugaragara. Byongeye kandi, hemoglobine ni igipimo cya zahabu cyo gusuzuma ubushobozi bwo kuvura. Urugero, mu gihe umuntu afite ikibazo cyo kubura icyuma, kwiyongera gupimwa kwa nibura 10-20 g / L mu gipimo cya Hb mu byumweru bibiri kugeza kuri bine nyuma yo kuvurwa icyuma mu kanwa bitanga ibimenyetso bifatika kandi byemeza ko amara yinjiye kandi ko umwongo w'amagufwa ubyitabira. Kutabikora bituma hakongerwa gusuzumwa cyangwa gukorerwa ubushakashatsi ku kutubahiriza amabwiriza.

Muri make, gupima hemoglobine si igipimo gisanzwe cy’umubare w’amaraso gusa; ni ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi kandi gifite imiterere myinshi gihuza imiterere ya ogisijeni n’ubumenyi bw’indwara. Isuzuma ryayo rihoraho rituma habaho umuburo hakiri kare, gushyira mu byiciro neza imiterere y’indwara, gukurikirana indwara zidakira, no gucunga neza indwara zishingiye ku bimenyetso mu buvuzi hafi ya bwose.